Arup has undertaken security risk assessments for designs and analyses of major infrastructure projects. As part of engineering team efforts, Arup Risk Consulting performs risk assessments and supports decision analyses for threats of explosives and chemical, biological or radiological agents for buildings, urban transit centres, bridges, public bus systems and airport facilities. The work is t...

This work proposes an effective method of fighting spam by developing Inexpensive Email Addresses (IEA), a stateless system of Disposable Email Addresses (DEAs). IEA can cryptographically generate exclusive email addresses for each sender, with the ability to re-establish a new email address once the old one is compromised. IEA accomplishes proof-of-work by integrating a challenge-response mech...

Goodness of fit tests for two probabilistic multigraph models are presented. The first model is random stub matching given fixed degrees (RSM) so that edge assignments to vertex pair sites dependent, and the second independent (IEA) according a common probability distribution. Tests performed using goodness measures between multiplicity sequence an observed multigraph, expected one simple or co...

A survey of major systems for the automated assessment of free text answers is presented. This includes the Project Essay Grade (PEG), Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA) which employs Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), and Electronic Essay Rater (e-rater). All these systems have the same weakness in that they are unable to perform any assessment of text content. The word order is not taken into acco...

Mass analysis is demonstrated for the detection of sub-microgram quantities of explosive samples on a metallic surface at atmospheric pressure using laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS). A non-resonant femtosecond duration laser pulse vaporizes native samples for subsequent electrospray ionization and transfer into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. LEMS was used to detect 2,3-dimethyl-...

To detect the presence of explosives in packages, automated systems are required. Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) represents a powerful non invasive tool providing information on the atomic structure of samples. In this paper, EDXRD is investigated as a suitable technique for explosive detection and identification. To this end, a database has been constructed, containing measured X-...

Suggestions on international cooperation in climate policy beyond 2012 include substituting or complementing international environmental agreements (IEA) with technology oriented agreements (TOA). We look at the impact of TOA on environmental cooperation in the framework of coalition stability. Using a numerical model, we analyze the differences of several TOA and how they interact. We find tha...

In real-world scenarios, massive demands mi ght be simultaneously raised by massive customers. Mass customization (MC) of services is a cost-effective approach to deal with this scenario by offering a cus tomizabl e composite service that satisfies as many personalized requirements as possible. In this paper, Service Network (SN) is employed to repres ent a customizable composite service, so th...

Helium implantation at room temperature was performed to investigate irradiation hardening of ferritic/martensitic steels. Bulk hardness was extracted from Nix-Gao model using a Berkovich nano-indentor. The correlation between irradiation hardening and helium concentration ranging 500 2000 appm was examined. Nano-hardness increases as a function of helium concentration. The hardening of Fe is s...