Ebola virus disease afflicts both human and animal populations and is caused by four ebolaviruses. These different ebolaviruses may have distinct reservoir hosts and ecological contexts that determine how, where, and when different ebolavirus spillover events occur. Understanding these virus-specific relationships is important for preventing transmission of ebolaviruses from wildlife to humans....

In recent years, index structures for managing multi-dimensional data became increasingly important. Due to heterogeneous systems and specific use cases, it is a complex challenge to find an appropriate index structure for specific problems, such as finding similar fingerprints or micro traces in a database. One aspect that should be considered in general is the dimensionality and the related c...

UNLABELLED PURPOSE, MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to elucidate risk factors of TB outbreaks, 223 outbreaks reported between 2000 and 2006 in Japan were analyzed according to sex, occupation and outbreaking place of the index case. RESULTS In male, the most frequent occupation was permanent workers who infected contacts mainly at workplaces, followed by unemployed people at general hospital ...

One hundred-nine cases of autoimmune hemolysis were reviewed to determine the frequency of reticulocytopenia. the state of the erythroid marrow in reticulocytopenic cases. and the course of reticulocyte production indices with time and glucocorticoid treatment. The mean hematocrit at presentation was 24 mL/dL, but 30% of cases had an initial hematocrit <20 mi/dI. Median reticulocyte percentage ...

A two-year study using a cluster investigation method was conducted in West Jakarta, Indonesia to demonstrate the detection of dengue cases prior to onset of clinical illness. The clusters consisted of family members and neighbors of 53 hospitalized dengue index cases. Among 785 adult and child volunteers enrolled, 17 (2.2%) post-enrollment dengue (PED) infections were identified. Eight PED cas...

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Brazil remains as the country with the second largest number of cases in the world. We report the case of three patients diagnosed with indeterminate leprosy in the same family. Two patients were HIV positive. An active search led to the discovery of the index case. It...

Aim. To examine interaction between history of cancer in first-degree relatives and tobacco smoking in index patients of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods. We carried out a case-control involving 113 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 110 controls over a 12-month period at the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. They were all administered a detailed tobacco exposure questionnai...

OBJECTIVES To examine the genetic contribution to common, apparently sporadic, radiographic knee chondrocalcinosis (CC) and pyrophosphate arthropathy (PA). METHOD (1). DESIGN radiographic sibling study. Comparison of the prevalences of knee CC and PA in siblings of index cases with PA with those in the community. (2). SUBJECTS 80 index cases with PA listed for total knee replacement; 122 ...

BACKGROUND Genetic testing for long QT syndrome (LQTS) has been available in a research setting for the past decade, and a commercial test has recently become available. However, the costs and effectiveness of genetic testing have not been estimated. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of genetic testing in the management of patients who have or a...

1 Water quality in four Sardinian lagoons (western Mediterranean Sea) was assessed using the Multimetric Phytoplankton Index (MPI), which is consistent with the EU Water Framework Directive. The index was developed using data on phytoplankton abundances, species structure and chlorophyll a concentrations in Venice Lagoon, Italy. 2 The aim of this study was to test the MPI on a larger geographic...