In this tutorial we will introduce the reader to how the direct integral forms for a partial differential equation can be derived. We will start from the well-known form for the integration by parts rule and then we will generalize it to demonstrate how Green’s second identity works. Therefore the main objectives of this tutorial are: 1. To review the philosophy behind the integration by part r...

The efficient direct optimization method is developed for aerodynamic shapes design at subsonic and supersonic flow regimes. The method combines Newton based algorithm with CFD modeling and is capable of handling large number of design variables. Aerodynamic drag is considered as the objective function minimized under volume and overall dimensions constraints. The efficiency of the method is de...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract Using two methods of eddy correlation system and evaporation pan to measure respectively the aerodynamic resistance over bare soil surface and maize field, this paper analyses the diurnal variation of the aerodynamic resistance and its rel...

In classical aeroelasticity, the typical at plate section consists of two degrees of freedom, namely pitch and plunge. Current resources o er the capability of enhancing the response of the typical aerofoil by making it adaptive. This project investigates the dynamic aeroelastic e ects of two of these options: trailing edge aps and chordwise (camber) deformations. The structural model is assume...

This paper studies nonlinear flutter of rectangular variable stiffness composite laminates (VSCLs) subjected to a low supersonic airflow. The VSCLs are formed by different individual laminae where polymeric matrix is reinforced curvilinear carbon fibres. plate’s displacement field follows Third-order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT); p-version finite element employed discretize the components. A...

electric vehicles (evs) have gained the attention of many authorities, automakers and researchers due to their considerable energy saving and emission reduction. one of the main issues that must be considered in design of a road vehicle is the calculation of aerodynamic forces. this issue also must be scrutinized in the design of evs. installation of rear spoiler is one of the solutions propose...

En este artículo se presenta una mirada comparativa y crítica sobre algunas de las directrices que siguen la narrativa chilena brasileña actual (así como en general del Cono Sur), a través análisis particular dos novelas breves, De mim já nem lembra (2007, revisada ampliada 2016), brasileño Luiz Ruffato, Chilean Electric (2015), autora Nona Fernández. ellas analizarán aspectos formales temático...

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a bioinspired corrugated airfoil compared with a smooth-surfaced airfoil and a flat plate at the chord Reynolds number of ReC = 58,000–125,000 to explore the potential applications of such bio-inspired corrugated airfoils for micro air vehicle designs. In addition to measuring the aerodynamic lift and drag for...

With speed increasing in high-speed trains, due to limitations of other types of brakes, aerodynamic brake has become an important braking method. In this task to make better use of brake’s panel different configurations are examined and the best panel shape which provides the reasonable drag coefficient is introduced. The results of simulations are carried out with the computational fluid dyna...

2. INTRODUCTION Piezoelectric effects are of increasing importance in the control and sensing of structural element deflections. Elastic piezoelectric theory has been extensively developed (Leibowitz & Vinson 1993). Hilton et al. (1997) have presented an extended bibliography and discussed past contributions as well as formulated an analytical nonlinear theory of anisotropic piezoelectric-therm...