Hemolytic anemia is characterized by intravascular and extravascular destruction of erythrocytes. It manifests if the production of the erythrocytes in the bone marrow is slower than their degradation. A first good differentiation of the several forms of hemolytic anemia can be made between ‘hereditary’ and ‘acquired’. In this article, the most important forms of acquired hemolytic anemia are p...

Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) consists of a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal insufficiency (failure), with severity ranging from subclinical to life threatening. HUS, based on an etiological agent, can be classified into classic or STEC-HUS and atypical HUS. HUS is a common cause of acute renal failure in the pediatric population. In this article, ...

Hyperuricemia developed in 2 children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia at a time of hemolytic crisis. One likely cause of hyperuricemia is the destruction of nucleated RBC precursors by autoantibodies. It is advised that patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia be examined for hyperuricemia. This might explain the reason for reticulocytopenia and m...

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare hematologic entity in children. Etiologies are mainly viruses or bacteria. We describe here a case of severe warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (IgG- and C3d-positive direct antiglobulin test) in an immunocompetent 6-month-old infant with acute Cytomegalovirus infection that responded well to corticotherapy and intraveneous immunoglobulins without using blood...

Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) consists of a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal insufficiency (failure), with severity ranging from subclinical to life threatening. HUS, based on an etiological agent, can be classified into classic or STEC-HUS and atypical HUS. HUS is a common cause of acute renal failure in the pediatric population. In this article, ...

Hemolytic anemia is characterized by intravascular and extravascular destruction of erythrocytes. It manifests if the production of the erythrocytes in the bone marrow is slower than their degradation. A first good differentiation of the several forms of hemolytic anemia can be made between ‘hereditary’ and ‘acquired’. In this article, the most important forms of acquired hemolytic anemia are p...

Common variable immunodeficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulins and heterogeneous clinical features. Recurrent pyogenic infections of upper and lower respiratory tracts are the main clinical manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency. Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a multisystemic disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiop...

Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) consists of a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal insufficiency (failure), with severity ranging from subclinical to life threatening. HUS, based on an etiological agent, can be classified into classic or STEC-HUS and atypical HUS. HUS is a common cause of acute renal failure in the pediatric population. In this article, ...

Hemolysis presents as acute or chronic anemia, reticulocytosis, or jaundice. The diagnosis is established by reticulocytosis, increased unconjugated bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase, decreased haptoglobin, and peripheral blood smear findings. Premature destruction of erythrocytes occurs intravascularly or extravascularly. The etiologies of hemolysis often are categorized as acquired or hered...