The ability to build maps of indoor environments is extremely important for autonomous mobile robots. In this paper we introduce Voronoi random fields (VRFs), a novel technique for mapping the topological structure of indoor environments. Our maps describe environments in terms of their spatial layout along with information about the different places and their connectivity. To build these maps,...

Indoor navigation systems must deal with absence of GPS signals, since they are only available in outdoor environments. Therefore, indoor systems have to rely upon other techniques for positioning users. Recently various indoor navigation systems have been designed and developed to help visually impaired people. In this paper an overview of some existing indoor navigation systems for visually i...

BACKGROUND As modern humans, we spend the majority of our time in indoor environments. Consequently, environmental exposure to microorganisms has important implications for human health, and a better understanding of the ecological drivers and processes that impact indoor microbial assemblages will be key for expanding our knowledge of the built environment. In the present investigation, we com...

An indoor TOA-based ranging system which uses an audible spread spectrum signal is presented. The indoor acoustic environment is modeled with a dense multipath propagation channel whose characteristics are very different from those of outdoor environments. The complexity and site-specific nature of indoor acoustic propagation, when using traditional correlation techniques, often lead to the cre...

Introduction: the aim of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of indoor and outdoor air fungus bioaerosols in Khorramabad day care child centers. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 air samples were collected from 10 centers in 2018. The samples included 7 indoor and 2 outdoor sampling points. The total number of children was 580. Sampling of fungal bioaerosols was performed ...

In recent years, there is a mounting obligation for indoor location based services comparable to outdoor location based services. Indoor guidance systems provide ample utilities to a user explicitly at huge complex shopping malls, hospitals and at vast libraries for any directed assistance. Pedestrian navigation is one such promising indoor location based service. Localization remains a basis f...

Canes or service dogs in indoor environments are unable to provide spatial information to the Individuals with Visual Impairments (IVIs) to make them independent. An indoor navigation assistance system can provide information on the presence of any obstacles in their vicinity, the distance of separation and their direction of motion (in case of mobile objects) w.r.t the IVIs. In this paper, we ...

Indoor navigation differs from outdoor navigation in several significant ways. In particular, precise localization usually requires an expensive infrastructure whereas outdoors, GPS offers an inexpensive and widely available solution. In addition, indoor environments frequently include several floors and can be relatively complex and thus difficult to navigate for people unfamiliar with such bu...

background: a new microextraction method named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (dllme) for determination of chloroform in pool water and blood of swimmers after swimming is described. methods: this method was performed based on coupling dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (dllme) with gas chromatog­raphy-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). methanol and trichloroethylenes were used as the d...