This case report describes the occurrence of a second episode of clinical signs of disc associated Wobbler syndrome almost 2 years following ventral decompressive surgery and a rather rare complication after myelographic examination in the same dog.

Examination Facility Evaluation Facilities vary widely on farms, and difficulties with patient restraint, lack of water or electricity, and occasionally access to the patient are some of the many challenges an ambulatory veterinarian is presented with when asked to examine a horse with colic. Upon arrival at a farm, the veterinarian should begin to look critically at the facilities and determin...

Reno alimentary fistulae are rare. The article describes various types of reno alimentary fistulae including rarer calico colic fistula and vesico colic fistula due to diverticulosis. The clinical features and management is discussed; and the relevant literature reviewed.

OBJECTIVE The stability and composition of intestinal flora plays a vital role in human wellbeing throughout life from as early as birth. Over the past 50 years, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic administration in pediatric gastroenterology. This document aims to provide a recommendation score on probiotic utilization in pediatric gastroenterology, together...