To achieve disease control objectives, country programmes need effective tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, but the current pharmaceutical profitdriven motive neglects ‘‘tropical diseases.’’ Over the 40 years of its existence, TDR has used a range of approaches to promote the development and effective use of new products. Many were successful and contributed to identifying, testing...

The World Health Organization (WHO) stated in 2002 that “in many regions, some of the most formidable enemies of health are joining forces with the allies of poverty to impose a double burden of disease, disability and premature death in many millions of people.” This is what is happening in South Asia, which has one quarter of the global population but where about half the population lives bel...

Studies of lumbar intradiscal pressure (IDP) in standing and upright sitting have mostly reported higher pressures in sitting. It was assumed clinically that flexion of the lumbar spine in sitting relative to standing, caused higher IDP, disc degeneration or rupture, and low back pain. IDP indicates axial compressive load upon a non-degenerate disc, but provides little or no indication of shear...

background: the airway surfaces are one of the most common ways of entry of infectious agents. oral cavity associated lymphoid tissues are inductive site of humoral immune responses in inflammatory and infectious disorders of the upper respiratory tract. these lymphoid tissues play important roles in the induction of salivary iga. the impact of upper respiratory tract diseases on salivary iga p...

measles, mumps and rubella are viral infectious diseases that may result in serious complications. since the production of vaccines, the number of cases of these diseases has been dropped. nevertheless, these infectious diseases are still one of the major health problems in developing countries. in this study, in order to evaluate the protective responses against measles, mumps and rubella, the...

Background: Cholera is an infectious disease characterized by severe watery diarrhea, frequently occurring in outbreaks which affects many communities the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). At end October 2022, a cholera outbreak was declared camp internally displaced people (IDP) Kanyaruchinya, 20 kilometers north Goma, provincial capital North-Kivu province DRC, as well other IDP camps and s...

Desprte t e Immense progress made with ,h drugs, vaccines, and simple measures of public health and cleanliness against infectious diseases in the past 100 years, these diseases still impose an intolerable burden on half of humanity. At root, the problem is the enormous maldistribution of income that leaves a fifth of the world population, a billion people, outside or barely on the margins of t...

Traditional plan recognition systems try to recognize a user's domain plan from the user's queries. In contrast, the Interactive Discourse Planner (IDP) tries to recognize an expansion of its own text plan from the user's queries. During interaction, IDP builds a text plan in reaction to user feedback that it uses as the discourse context. IDP uses this text plan to analyze user questions for i...

We developed an innovative hybrid sequencing approach, IDP-fusion, to detect fusion genes, determine fusion sites and identify and quantify fusion isoforms. IDP-fusion is the first method to study gene fusion events by integrating Third Generation Sequencing long reads and Second Generation Sequencing short reads. We applied IDP-fusion to PacBio data and Illumina data from the MCF-7 breast canc...