Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune response, inflammation, cell growth and survival, and development. NF-κB is critical for human health, and aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to development of various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, ...

objective(s): yu-ping-feng-san (ypfs) is a classical traditional chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of the diseases in respiratory systems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) recognized as chronic inflammatory disease. however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. here we detected the factors involved in transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-β1)/smad2 si...

The mononuclear phagocyte system, particularly dendritic cells, plays several pivotal roles in the development of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we demonstrate that functionally distinct dendritic cell subpopulations are present in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. At peak experimental autoimmu...

objective(s) in recent years highly selective cox-2inhibitors were withdrawn from the market because of an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. in this study we were looking for potent compounds with moderate selectivity for cox-2. so, four analogues of 4, 5-diaryl-2-(2-alkylthio-5-imidazolyl) imidazole derivatives were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive act...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is important in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory disease. We hypothesized that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plays a pivotal role in middle ear inflammation and that neutralization of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor would inhibit neutrophil migration into the middle ear a...

BACKGROUND Obesity-related increases in multiple inflammatory markers may contribute to the persistent subclinical inflammation common with advancing age. However, it is unclear if a specific combination of markers reflects the underlying inflammatory state. We used factor analysis to identify inflammatory factor(s) and examine their associations with adiposity in older adults at risk for disab...

dietary fatty acids play a critical role in modulation of airway inflammation in asthma. this study was conducted to compare dietary intakes of essential fatty acids and serum levels of inflammatory factors in asthmatic and healthy adults, and to examine the potential relationship between inflammatory markers and dietary fatty acids. in this case-control study, 47 asthmatic patients (26 males a...

the inhibition of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), cyclooxygenase 2 (cox-2) and nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) production are research targets of attract in the field of anti-inflammatory drug development. therefore, this study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of novel thiazolidinone derivatives using a cellular model of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated murine ...