This paper examines the role of infrastructure in long run economic growth. The paper consists of two sections, the first concentrates on the theoretical role of government spending in models of growth and the second details examples of private participation in infrastructure development. Using a simple endogenous growth model we find that while the hypothesized benefits of infrastructure expen...

Trees and shrubs, as a part of the green infrastructure, are important for well-being urban dwellers. This research aims to study eco-efficiency trees on outdoor thermal comfort, defined by ratio change in physiological equivalent temperature (PET) trees’ cost. Field data were collected compared with station calibrate create base case model. After model was created, researchers created scenario...

This paper is a contribution to the collective work of imagining better universities. It starts from Raewyn Connell’s account good university, and develops four main ideas. insistence on thinking about universities as real workplaces, with workforces doing that has consequences, provides disciplining foundation. On this basis, we must acknowledge although changes are often set in motion outside...

Introduction This paper examines the way in which one can best design digital technology for the developing world. We start out by examining technology-driven design, such as is used in developed ‘western’ economies, where new technologies are created at an ever increasing pace. From there we look at sustainable design, wherein we work with the existing infrastructure and create solutions for t...