Census method for estimating the population size of the endemic and threatened land snail Iberus gualtieranus gualtieranus.— Iberus gualtieranus gualtieranus is an endemic and threatened land snail inhabiting south–eastern Spain. Because it seeks shelter in karstic fissures when inactive, detection is difficult, and censuses may be biased. In this study, a methodology is developed to take an ad...

Adaptive radiations are extremely useful to understand factors driving speciation. A challenge in speciation research is to distinguish forces creating novelties and those relevant to divergence and adaptation. Recently, hybridization has regained major interest as a potential force leading to functional novelty and to the genesis of new species. Here, we show that introgressive hybridization i...

The liver is an organ notable for its sensitivity to a great variety of environmental factors. It is composed of a parenchyma divided into irregular lobules by the exocrine pancreas or hepatopancreas; the pancreatic cells are arranged around a branch of the portal vein. The hepatocytes are radially arranged in cords around a central sinusoid. The liver histomorphology and the organization of ex...

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes cancer-related deaths. tumors show a high aggressiveness, which, in turn, contributes to low survival rate fewer than 12 months. Considering above, it was decided review current scientific studies that indicate potential prevention gastric and clarify relationship between composition microorganisms inhabiting human body. Accordingly, paper pr...

The genus Papuanella (type species Geotrochus ogeramuensis Kobelt, 1914, by original designation) was established by Clench and Turner (1959: 5) for two species of land snails inhabiting the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Papuanella is currently recognized as a valid genus within the subfamily Papuininae of the family Camaenidae (Schileyko 2003). Distant (1914: 352) established Papuanel...

Coreoleuciscus splendidus was first reported as a monotypic species. Recent morphological and genetic studies have revealed that the species is represented by two disjunct and distinct lineages. The two lineages of C. splendidus include populations inhabiting the Han and Geum rivers in the East Korea Subdistrict and populations inhabiting the Seomjin and Nakdong rivers in the South Korea Subdis...

A continuously mixed series of microbial communities inhabits various points of the respiratory tract, with community composition determined by distance from colonization sources, colonization rates, and extinction rates. Ecology and evolution theory developed in the context of biogeography is relevant to clinical microbiology and could reframe the interpretation of recent studies comparing com...

For long-lived organisms, the fitness value of survival is greater than that of current reproduction. Asymmetric fitness rewards suggest that organisms inhabiting unpredictable environments should adopt a risk-sensitive life history, predicting that it is adaptive to allocate resources to increase their own body reserves at the expense of reproduction. We tested this using data from reindeer po...

Thermal dependence of the enzymes SOD, CAT, and POD was investigated in leaves of Iris pumila plants inhabiting two contrasting light environments, a sun-exposed dune site and a woodland understory. At the same assay temperature, both the specific activity and the activation energy of SOD and CAT were higher in plants inhabiting vegetation shade than in those experiencing full sunlight. Convers...

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, killing 10–20% of oceanic biomass each day. However, despite their ecological importance, viruses inhabiting many echinoderms, cnidarians, urochordates, and marine arthropods have not been investigated with significant breadth. We conducted a broad survey of the viral assemblages inhabiting these hosts through viral metagenomics and ph...