Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for normal tissue growth and function. Following exposures to high concentrations of inhaled Mn, there is preferential accumulation of Mn in certain brain regions such as the striatum and globus pallidus. The goal of this research was to complete a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for Mn in rats and scale the model to describe M...

Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a neurotransmitter of nonadrenergic noncholinergic bronchodilator nerves. To investigate whether inhaled NO exerts a bronchodilator effect in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we measured the resistance of the respiratory system, using the forced oscillation technique, while breathing NO. Eight patients with COPD (7 men and 1 wo...

UNLABELLED Heart transplantation in patients with increased pulmonary vascular resistance is often associated with postbypass right heart failure. We therefore compared the abilities of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) and inhaled nitric oxide to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance during heart transplantation. Patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation for congestive heart failure were r...

BACKGROUND The most common treatment for asthma is transferring the drug into the lungs by inhaler devices. Besides, correct use of inhaled medication is required for effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. Thus, it is necessary to train the patients how to use Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI). This study aimed to determine the effect of training about MDI usage with or without spacer on maximum expiratory...

Inhalations of atmospheric pollutants, especially particulate matters, are known to cause severe cardiac effects and to exacerbate preexisting heart disease. Heart failure is an important sequellae of gaseous inhalation such as that of carbon monoxide. Similarly, other gases such as sulphur dioxide are known to cause detrimental cardiovascular events. However, mechanisms of these cardiac toxici...

Aerosol delivery depends on device design and inhalation technique. In vitro device evaluations have shown that the emitted dose and fine particle mass of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) increase at high peak inspiratory flow rates (PIFR). Since the PIFR is mostly achieved after the release of the powder, slope of the pressure profile is also described as an important determinant. The aim of the pre...

The responses of intracranial pressure (ICP) to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and arterial gas pressures were investigated. ICP was measured through a ventricular or spinal drainage catheter in patients with brain tumor or cerebrovascular disease. Changes in ICP, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) or oxygen (PtcO2) we...