Dynamic modulus of elasticity was determined in clearwood samples of eight tropical hardwood species using longitudinal vibrations, flexural vibration and ultrasonic transit-time methods. These samples were subsequently subjected to three point static bending test to determine static modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture. Acoustic velocity and wood density were found to be independent pa...

Finding alternative uses for raw material from small-diameter trees is a critical problem throughout the United States. In western states, a lack of markets for small-diameter ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) can contribute to problems associated with overstocking. To test the feasibility of producing structural composite lumber (SCL) beams from these two wes...

Epstein and Plesset's seminal work on the rate of gas bubble dissolution and growth in a simple liquid is generalized to render it applicable to a gas bubble embedded in a soft elastic solid. Both the underlying diffusion equation and the expression for the gas bubble pressure were modified to allow for the non-zero shear modulus of the medium. The extension of the diffusion equation results in...

Bio-electrodes have traditionally been made of materials such as metal and silicon that are much stiffer than the tissue from which they record or stimulate. This difference in mechanical compliance can cause incomplete or ineffective contact with the tissue. The electrode stiffness has also been hypothesized to cause chronic low-grade injury and scar-tissue encapsulation, reducing stimulation ...

Multiple parameters are involved in the design of anisotropic conductive adhesive assemblies, and the overlapping influences that they have on the final electrical contact resistance represent a difficult challenge for the designers. The most important parameters include initial bonding force F, number of particles N, the adhesion strength GA, and modulus of elasticity E of the cured resin. It ...

The temperature influence on the drying and swelling kinetics of ultrathin poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) gel film were studied by in-situ interferometry. The drying rate is greatly dependent on temperature. When T j 31 °C, the original gel film was swollen and contained more than 99% of water before drying. Our results showed that the initial drying rate was a constant. However, it became faster a...

In this paper a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of carbon nanocones (CNCs) is proposed and used for obtaining Young\'s modulus of CNCs. In this model, stretching and bending forces between carbon atoms are simulated using truss elements in ANSYS software. Then the model is subjected to the tension and by obtaining the stiffness of the CNC and using elasticity theory, Young’s modulus...

Polymer-clay nano-composite materials, in which nano-meter thick layers of clay dispersed in polymer matrix, have generally higher mechanical properties than normal polymeric materials. A new three-dimensional unit cell model has been developed for modeling three constituent phases including inclusion, interphase and matrix. The total elastic modulus of nano-composite is evaluated.  Numerical r...

In 1811, Legendre published an identity between integrals involving the constant k:= sin ⁡π12 that inspired Abel to create his brilliant theory of complex multiplication. Then k reappeared as eccentricity ellipse whose arclength Ramanujan computed explicitly in terms gamma functions with rational arguments. Finally, appeared a consequence three-body choreography along Bernoulli’s lemniscate. We...