1 Technicalities I started studying at Glasgow University in October of 1997, initially with Simon Peyton Jones as my supervisor. However, due to Simon's large number of research students, and diierences between my interests and his, we decided that I should look, at least tentatively, for a new supervisor. After talking to various people, I agreed to work with John O'Donnell, although Simon wo...

Particle swarm optimization is a heuristic global optimization method put forward originally by Doctor Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995. Various efforts have been made for solving unimodal and multimodal problems as well as two dimensional to multidimensional problems. Efforts were put towards topology of communication, parameter adjustment, initial distribution of particles and efficient problem s...

Many authors have argued, for good reasons, that in a range of applications the lens put-put law is too strong. On the other hand, the present authors have shown that very well behaved lenses, which do satisfy the put-put law by definition, are algebras for a certain monad, and that this viewpoint admits fruitful generalisations of the lens concept to a variety of base categories. In the algebr...

In recent years, there has been an international trend towards publishing open data and an attempt to comply with standards and good practices that make it easier to find, reuse and exploit open data. Linked Data is one such way of publishing structured data and thousands of such datasets have already been published from various domains. However, the semantic integration of data from these data...

In the three books of De Anima, Aristotle ranges over a diverse array of philosophical and scientific topics, such as the nature of life, self-movement, the senses, perception, imagination, thought, and the relation between mind and body. As a result, this work may seem to be a strange collection of only marginally related philosophical and biological topics given our modern sensibilities. None...

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In Posterior Analytics 1.3, Aristotle advances three arguments against circular proof. The third argument relies on his discussion of circular proof in Prior Analytics 2.5. This is problematic because the two chapters seem to deal with two rather disparate conceptions of circular proof. In Posterior Analytics 1.3, Aristotle gives a purely propositional account of circular proof, whereas in Prio...

In this paper I maintain that Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach (CA) implies a recuperation of practical science in Economics. Sen’s proposal has some problems closely related to this practical character: the heterogeneity and incommensurability of capabilities, its ambiguity concerning the use of the term “capability”, and the consequent lack of operative character of the CA. Sen recognizes th...

background & aim : pulse oximetry is a frequently used and standard non-invasive method for monitoring oxygen (o2)-saturation in blood. many factors including dark skin and pigmentation may effect on rate of saturation of the blood oxygen absorbed by pulse oximetry. the effect of nail polish and/or henna color on blood oxygen has not been yet identified and the present study has been carried ou...

The annual American Society of Plastic Surgeons’ “Plastic Surgery: The Meeting” is always filled with great educational events and endeavors, and the 2015 gathering in Boston was truly exceptional. Perhaps the most memorable and most rewarding panel that we had the honor and pleasure to be a part of was the Medical Student Session, moderated by one of the first Plastic and Reconstructive Surger...