Botulinum toxin injection is used to treat various pain conditions including muscle spasticity, dystonia, headache and myofascial pain. Results are conflicting regarding the use of Botulinum toxin for trigger point injection in terms of improvement in pain. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review to assess the evidence for efficacy of Botulinum toxin A (BTA) compared with pla...

purpose: to compare low volume transconjunctival anterior peribulbar anesthesia with transcutaneous posterior peribulbar anesthesia in phacoemulsification. methods: patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were randomly divided into two groups: in first group 5ml of 2% lidocaine was injected transcutaneously in the posterior orbital space. in the second group, 2ml of 5% lidocaine was injected...

Pain on vaccine injection and subsequent site reactions of pain and swelling may influence confidence in vaccines and their uptake. This study aimed to identify factors associated with reported pain on injection and reactogenicity following administration of a strain specific meningococcal B outer membrane vesicle vaccine. A retrospective analysis of data was conducted from a phase II single ce...

OBJECTIVE Propofol is a new anesthetic agent in clinical practice, but randomized double-blinded prospective studies on its role in pediatric anesthesia remain limited. We aimed to compare the preventive effects of pre-injected lidocaine or ketamine and its pre-mixture on the anesthesia-induced injection pain of propofol using a randomized double-blinded prospective method, and to compare the o...

Pain is a common and a ubiquitous sensation for children and adult. Every child has his or her own perception of pain. Routine immunizations are the most frequent painful medical procedure during childhood. A fundamental principle of responsible medical care is ‘do not hurt’ but ‘do not harm’ since pain is harmful to children, the care givers are committed in preventing harm to their patients. ...

introduction:  carpal tunnel syndrome (cts) is the most common compressive neuropathy. several surgical and nonsurgical treatments have been proposed for this syndrome, but there is no consensus regarding the prioritization of the suggested nonsurgical treatments. the goal of this study was to compare the long term effects of laser therapy versus local corticosteroid injection in the treatment ...

OBJECTIVE The incidence of propofol injection pain during induction of general anesthesia varies from 28% to 90%. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) for reducing the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain. METHODS Patients undergoing elective surgical procedures were randomly allocated into seven groups...