False-belief (FB) tasks have been widely used to study the ability of individuals to represent the content of their conspecifics' mental states (theory of mind). However, the cognitive processes involved are still poorly understood, and it remains particularly debated whether language and inner speech are necessary for the attribution of beliefs to other agents. We present a completely nonverba...

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are the experience of hearing voices in the absence of any speaker, often associated with a schizophrenia diagnosis. Prominent cognitive models of AVHs suggest they may be the result of inner speech being misattributed to an external or non-self source, due to atypical self- or reality monitoring. These arguments are supported by studies showing that people...

BACKGROUND In this paper we consider verbal hallucinations as inner speech with pragmatics. The specific pragmatic properties of verbal hallucinations investigated included the number of voices, the characteristics that individuate the voices, the sequential characteristics of the dialogues between voice hearers and their voices, the dialogical positioning of voices hearers, voices and other in...

By the words of L.S.Vigotskiy, written speech is “speech without intonation, expressive, generally whole sounding side. This in thought, representation, but devoid most essential feature oral material sound. It largely due to internal speech. When expressing thoughts through writing, inner is, as it were, formed into a verbal shell. The transmission complex, multifaceted process. purpose this s...

The classic neurophysiologic definition of consciousness distinguishes between 2 components, namely vigilance (or arousal) and awareness. Vigilance corresponds to the level of wakefulness, whereas awareness refers to the mental content, which in turn is composed of 2 components being conscious perception of the environment or external world (external awareness) and of our inner world and self-a...

A recent study indicates that schizophrenia patients are prone to auditory hallucinations because they have difficulty recognising their 'inner speech' as their own, and consequently tend to misattribute it to an external source.

The article analyzes the forms and types of speech: "monologic", "dialogical". specificity organization "speech forms" is investigated. Attention paid to architectonics proportional relationship various forms". focus on stories L. M. Tolstoy late period his work. main functions direct speech in these works are revealed: definition character traits hero, retinue, era which he belongs. We also ta...