The objective of this paper is to introduce models to determine an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient strategy for Saudi Arabia’s water supply system to meet its projected demand in 2025. This paper uses cost minimizing and production maximizing approaches to build the models. The water management system is divided into three processes–desalination, distribution, and wastewater treatment. ...

pisciculture, especially in countries which are unable to develop their marine resources, is a desired to provide part of their food and protein needs. this study aims at investigating welfare impacts of energy subsidy removal on fish producers in fars province. to achieve the objective, cross-sectional data obtained from fish producers of fars province in 2010 was used. cost, input demand and ...

It is well known that the origin-destination (O-D) flow table of a subnetwork is not only determined by trip generation and distribution, but also by traffic routing and diversion, due to the existence of internal-external, external-internal and externalexternal flows. This result indicates the variable nature of subnetwork O-D flows. This paper discusses an elastic O-D flow table estimation pr...

The fast and steady economic growth in China during the 1990s has attracted much international attention. Using the three most recent Chinese input-output tables, this paper investigates industry structure and inter-industry relationships and the relationship of both to economic growth. The input-output tables contain intermediate demand and final demand for six broad industries, namely, Agricu...

background and objectives: pharmaceutical expenditures are responsible for a major part of health systems’ cost. according to the who’s statistics, iran is the first among the 20 countries in the world in terms of drug consumption. the first step in controlling consumption of a particular good is to identify factor inducing the relevant demands. hence, this study aimed to identify the pattern a...

this paper investigates an epq model with the increasing demand and demand dependent production rate involving the trade credit financing policy, which is seldom reported in the literatures. the model considers the manufacturer was offered by the supplier a delayed payment time. it is assumed that the demand is a linear increasing function of the time and the production rate is proportional to ...

background & aim: energy is one of important debates in agriculture ecology and for this reason; the ratio of output and input energy in different agriculture ecosystems has been calculated. if one can reduce, input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and lab our force. in addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a ...

Abstract In the analyses of uncertainty propagation buildings’ energy-demand, Monte Carlo method is commonly used. this study we present two alternative approaches: stochastic perturbation and transformed random variable method. The energy-demand analysis performed for representative single-family house in Poland. investigation focused on independent variables, considered as uncertain, expanded...