The Three Rs are the main principles used by Animal Ethics Committees in the governance of animal experimentation, but they appear not to cover some ethical issues that arise today. These include: a) claims that certain species should be exempted on principle from harmful research; b) increased emphasis on enhancing quality of life of research animals; c) research involving genetically modified...

Public opposition to genetic modification (GM) technology in the food domain is widespread (Frewer et al., 2013). In a survey of U.S. residents representative of the population on gender, age, and income, 64% opposed GM, and 71% of GM opponents (45% of the entire sample) were "absolutely" opposed-that is, they agreed that GM should be prohibited no matter the risks and benefits. "Absolutist" op...

A previous study proposed an optimal vibration isolator for self-excitation, but the solution results showed a critical drawback basement input. Because plant system is exposed to self-excitation and input, characteristics must meet all requirements of both excitation cases. Two performance indices were introduced evaluate control capability over two cases, using theoretical linear model electr...

risk-based assessment methods are commonly used at the contaminated sites by hydrocarbon pollutants. this paper presents the results of a two-dimensional finite volume model of reactive transport of biodegradable btex which have been developed for the saturated zone of an unconfined aquifer in the pump station area of tehran oil refinery, iran. the model governing equations were numerically sol...

1. The aim of this work was to assess whether a form of synaptic modification based on the theory of Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) can, with a fixed set of parameters, reproduce both the kinetics and equilibrium states of experience-dependent modifications cortex. 2. According to the BCM theory, the connection strength of excitatory geniculocortical synapses varies as the product of a me...

OBJECTIVES To compare the incidence of a specific failure mode of the penile implant, fracture at the input tube-cylinder junction, with respect to two methods of managing the input tube. METHODS AMS 700 series three-piece inflatable penile prostheses were implanted in the first 26 patients using an ordinary technique in which the input tubing runs alongside the cylinder within the corpus and...

This paper presents the optimal control modification for linear uncertain plants. The Lyapunov analysis shows that the modification parameter has a limiting value depending on the nature of the uncertainty. The optimal control modification exhibits a linear asymptotic property that enables it to be analyzed in a linear time invariant framework for linear uncertain plants. The linear asymptotic ...

in this research، job opportunities have been examined among 26 productive sectors of iran's economy by using input-output table in 2001.from viewpoint of employment ،production and value added، the key sectors has been diagnosed by using mri ، elasticity of input-output table، backward and forward linkages and june's corrective methods. then، job opportunities has been analyzed among...

Echo State Networks (ESNs) is a recent simple and powerful approach to training recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In this report we present a modification of ESNs-time warping invariant echo state networks (TWIESNs) that can effectively deal with time warping in dynamic pattern recognition. The standard approach to classify time warped input signals is to align them to candidate prototype patte...