This study investigated the toxic effects of essential oils isolated from Siparuna guianensis against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult) and Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. The oviposition-deterring activity, egg viability, and repellence activity in the presence of different essential oils concentrations were determined. The essential oils showed high toxici...

BACKGROUND Around the turn of this century, the oil yield and chemical composition of Australian Leptospermum species was analysed. Since that time, research has been focused on their use as phytomedicines. The oil yield and composition of essential oils from Australian Leptospermum species directly impacts their commercialisation for medicinal use. RESULTS The essential oils from Leptospermu...

Dengue and chikungunya are deadly diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Essential oil a natural product contains highly volatile chemical compounds and use as a personal protection against blood sucking mosquito is an effective and safe method. The objective of these studies was to evaluate the synergistic effect of 10 effective oils with the help of K & D module and Electroantennogram (GCEAD)...

The leaf extract of Solanum trilobatum (Solanaceae) was tested under laboratory conditions for oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities against the adult mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% reduced egg laying by gravid females from 18 to 99% compared to ethanol-treated controls. In skin repellent tests, concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.0...

In 2003, 44 U.S. Marines were evacuated from Liberia with either confirmed or presumed Plasmodium falciparum malaria. An outbreak investigation showed that only 19 (45%) used insect repellent, 5 (12%) used permethrin-treated clothing, and none used bed netting. Adherence with weekly mefloquine (MQ) was reported by 23 (55%). However, only 4 (10%) had serum MQ levels high enough to correlate with...

Pure DEET is a water-white to amber-color liquid. It is mainly used as a commercial insect or acarid repellent. In 1990, approximately 4 million pounds of the active ingredient DEET was used in commercial products and the average annual domestic use of DEET has been estimated as ranging from 5 to 7 million pounds based on product sales. Aquatic systems appear to be the main environmental sink f...

Eight commercial insect repellents were tested against Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae), Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae), Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), and Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). Patterns of tolerance to the test materials were distinctive for each test species. Levels of tolerance were coded as character state 0 (sensitive), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (...

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of chikungunya, yellow and dengue fevers. Dengue fever is the major cause of child morbidity and hospitalisation in some Asian and African countries, while yellow fever is prevalent in Nigeria. The development of resistance to the available insecticides has necessitated the continued search for safer ones from plants. Eighteen plant extracts with ethnomedical...

Nepetalactone, the primary component of catnip oil, was compared with the repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) for its ability to affect the host-seeking ability of Aedes aegypti (L.). A triple cage olfactometer was used to bioassay each substance and to assess its attraction inhibition (spatial repellent) attributes when combined with the following attractants: carbon dioxide, aceton...

D-Limonene, shown in Figure 1, is a common naturally occurring compound with a citrus scent. It is often used as an additive in food products and fragrances, and is classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). It has also been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for usage as a natural pesticide and insect repellent. Lim...