We ask the question: is it possible to measure nonlocal properties of a state instantaneously? Relativistic causality restricts how this can be done, but we show here, for the bipartite two dimensional case, that every nonlocal variable of the system can be measured instantaneously. A necessary condition for a general nonlocal measurement on a bipartite system is presented. This essay was writt...

Esterel is a design language for the representation of embedded systems. Based on the synchronous reactive paradigm, its execution relies on a clear distinction of instants of computation. As a consequence, deciding whether a piece of a program may or may not run instantaneously is central to any compilation scheme, both for correctness and efficiency. In general, this information can be obtain...

Data derived from instantaneous diastolic coronary artery pressure-flow relationships in the dog have suggested that diastolic coronary vascular resistance may be constant and coronary vasoregulation unimportant during individual diastoles. We tested these hypotheses by using constant pressure perfusion to determine the pattern of coronary blood flow during single diastoles under steady state c...

Muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) provides indications on motor unit recruitment strategies due to the relation between conduction velocity and fiber diameter. The aim of this study was to investigate MFCV of thigh muscles during cycling at varying power outputs, pedal rates, and external forces. Twelve healthy male participants aged between 19 and 30 yr cycled on an electronically braked...

Reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) under a positive gate potential (n-type conductance) exhibits an instantaneous response and fast recovery for NH(3) sensing, far superior to the performance in p-mode at zero/negative gate potential. Our findings have important implications for fast, repeatable, room temperature gas detection using graphene/R-GO.

The classic approach for estimating instantaneous parameters relies on using the Hilbert Transform (HT). The HT method extracts the instantaneous parameters by comparing the imaginary part with the real part of an analytical signal. The instantaneous parameters obtained this way are frequently contaminated by noises. Using the wavelet transform (WT), one can extract the instantaneous parameters...

BACKGROUND Early studies with desloratadine demonstrated efficacy in treating seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). A dose-ranging study was conducted to characterize its 24-hour efficacy in patients with SAR. METHODS Patients (N = 1,026) were randomly assigned once-daily (QD) desloratadine (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, or 20 mg) for 2 weeks in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The end point of 24-ho...

The recruitment phenomenon, that is, the reduced dynamic range between threshold and uncomfortable level, is attributed to the loss of instantaneous dynamic compression on the basilar membrane. Despite this, hearing aids commonly use slow-acting dynamic compression for its compensation, because this was found to be the most successful strategy in terms of speech quality and intelligibility reha...

This study examined the hypothesis that running speed over 800- and 1,500-m races is regulated by the prevailing anaerobic (oxygen independent) store (ANS) at each instant of the race up until the all-out phase of the race over the last several meters. Therefore, we hypothesized that the anaerobic power that allows running above the speed at maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is regulated by ANS, a...

Estimation of time-varying motion parameters of moving objects is considered. The motion parameters are mapped into the instantaneous frequency (IF) of a frequency modulated (FM) signal. The IF estimation is obtained using the Wigner distribution (WD). Generalization in the case of multiple objects and reduced interference distributions is given. A new propagation approach is proposed for joint...