The circulating currents of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) are ideally assumed to be the sum of an ac component and dc ac component operating with fundamental frequency. However, as ac current flows through the submodule (SM) capacitors, the capacitor voltages fluctuate with time. Consequently, the circulating current is usually distorted and allows multiple frequency components with the ...

A symmetric spectral method is applied to investigate the two-dimensional Volterra integral equation with weakly singular kernels and delays. In this work, solution of we considered assumed be sufficiently smooth so that can naturally. Employing three couples variable transformations, apply Gauss quadrature rule approximate delays obtain discretization. Then derive convergence results proposed ...

A hybrid control scheme of Sugeno Fuzzy PD-like System (SFPDS) and PID controller is introduced in this work. The idea of the proposed strategy is to manipulate the control error signal in two stages: the SFPDS first, and then the PID. The manipulated signal is finally provided as a control action to the system. The proposed control strategy aims at combining the benefits of utilizing the artif...

The paper proposes a detailed analysis of various intelligent algorithms for the application of tuning PID controllers for time delayed model with a specific stability analysis on the unstable phase of a Bioreactor system. The tuning process is focused mainly to search the optimal controller parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd) by minimizing the performance criterion and with the help of the objective funct...

In this paper an analytic approach to estimate the nonlinearity of radix-4 pipelined analog-to-digital converters due to the circuit non-idealities is presented. Output voltage of each stage is modeled as sum of the ideal output voltage and non-ideal output voltage (error voltage), in which non-ideal output voltage is created by capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, input offset, and finite ga...

This paper presents a performance based comparative study of various fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) to control the speed of squirrel-cage induction motor (SCIM) by replacing the conventional proportional??integral (PI) controller. The fuzzy logic based controller does not require any identification of motor dynamic to control its speed and also assures the disturbance rejection with high robust...

Order reduction of linear-time invariant systems employing two methods; one using the advantages of Routh approximation and other by an evolutionary technique is presented in this paper. In Routh approximation method the denominator of the reduced order model is obtained using Routh approximation while the numerator of the reduced order model is determined using the indirect approach of retaini...

In this paper, a new approach is presented based on relay autotuning of a plant to find parameters for its control using a Smith predictor. A Smith predictor configuration is represented as its equivalent internal model controller (IMC) which provides the parameters of the proportional-integral (PI) or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to be defined in terms of the desired close...