With the purpose of reducing stray radiation dose (SRD) in out-of-field region (OFR) during radiotherapy with 6 MV intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), a body-shielding device (BSD) was prepared according to the measurements obtained in experimental testing. In experimental testing, optimal shielding conditions, such as 1 mm lead, 2 mm lead, and 1 mm lead plus 10 mm bolus, were investi...

Coordinated landing requires preparation. Muscles in the limbs important for decelerating the body should be activated prior to impact so that joints may be stiffened and limbs stabilized during landing. Moreover, because landings vary in impact force and timing, muscle recruitment patterns should be modulated accordingly. In toads, which land using their forelimbs, previous work has demonstrat...

PURPOSE To quantify the accumulative training and match load during an annual season in English Premier League soccer players classified as starters (n = 8, started ≥60% of games), fringe players (n = 7, started 30-60% of games) and nonstarters (n = 4, started <30% of games). Methods Players were monitored during all training sessions and games completed in the 2013-14 season with load quantifi...

Most modern radiation therapy devices allow the use of very small fields, either through beamlets in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) or via stereotactic radiotherapy where positioning accuracy allows delivering very high doses per fraction in a small volume of the patient. Dosimetric measurements on medical accelerators are conventionally realized using air-filled ionization chambe...

When the planning target volume (PTV), extends close to or beyond the skin, inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy can boost the fluence from tan- gential angles to superficial parts of the PTV due to the buildup effect. This can result in significant regions of high dose upon a small movement in the patient's position. We analyzed different methods of reducing this effect in the Tomo...

The inhibition that is exerted mutually among receptor units (ommatidia) of the compound eye of Limulus is less for units widely separated than for those close together. This diminution of inhibition with distance is the resultant of two factors: (1) the threshold of inhibitory action increases with increasing distance between the units involved; and (2) the coefficient of inhibitory action dec...

We consider a fully model-based approach for the analysis of distance sampling data. Distance sampling has been widely used to estimate abundance (or density) of animals or plants in a spatially explicit study area. There is, however, no readily available method of making statistical inference on the relationships between abundance and environmental covariates. Spatial Poisson process likelihoo...

A surface-reaction system in a nanoliter water pool using an ink-jet microchip was developed. The reaction system in the nanodroplets formed on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coated glass slide increased the diffusion-controlled reaction without using a nano-pump, specialized connector or highly sensitive detector. When nanoliter droplets were placed on the PDMS surface with a distance of 100 ...

In spite of the presumed importance of the strap muscles on laryngeal valving and speech production, there is little research concerning the physiological role and the functional differences among the strap muscles. Generally, the strap muscles have been shown to cause a decrease in the fundamental frequency (F o) of phonation during contraction. In this study, an in vivo canine laryngeal model...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 different intervention training regimes on VO2max, VO2max velocity (vVO2max), running economy (RE), lactic threshold velocity (vLT), and running performance on a group of well-trained male middle-distance runners in the precompetition period. Twenty-six well-trained male middle-distance runners took part in the study. All participants wer...