One of the most interesting 3G networks feature is their integration with the 2G networks. It provides seamless End to-End services. Current widely deployed 2G and 3G networks provide enabling interoperability. These mechanisms include Inter RAT idle mode reselection. Inter RAT dedicated mode reselection is used for PS (Packet Switching) services. The WLAN coverage on one hand provides an extra...

Computing inter-domain MultiProtocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Label Switched Path (MPLS-TE LSP) through a pre-determined sequence of domains is quite straight as each Path Computation Element (PCE), using the Backward Recursive PCEbased Computation (BRPC), knows who is the next to be contacted in order to continue the computation. The optimality of the interdomain MPLS-TE LSP path de...

The positioning of sentential connectives in Chinese complex sentences is more flexible than their counterparts in English. Sentential connectives in Chinese can be placed in three sensitive positions: clause-initial, predicate-initial, and clause-final positions. Due to the co-existence of prepositions and postpositions in the language, sentential connectives can be placed in both clause-initi...

A sentential theory of attitudes holds that propositions (the things that agents believe and know) are sentences of a representation language. The idea has an obvious appeal to AI workers, who rely heavily on representation languages. Moore and Hendrix (1982) gave the classic statement of the case for a sentential theory of attitudes. Haas (1986), Perlis (1988), and Morgenstern (1987) among the...

The Internet's simple best-effort packet-switched architecture lies at the core of its tremendous success and impact. Today, the Internet is firmly a commercial medium involving several competitive service providers and content providers. However, current Internet architecture neither allows (i) users to indicate their value choices at sufficient granularity, nor (ii) providers to manage risks ...

1 Abstract: Routers are unable to scale to the explosive growth of the Internet traffic. This is mainly due to the amount of processing required to forward IP packets. IP switching techniques avoid the IP layer by forwarding packets at the link layer. The current IP switching techniques suffer from problems like label explosion, inefficient label stacking and fragmentation. The proposed method ...

How do logically naive individuals determine that an inference is invalid? In logic, there are two ways to proceed: (1) make an exhaustive search but fail to find a proof of the conclusion and (2) use the interpretation of the relevant sentences to construct a counterexample--that is, a possibility consistent with the premises but inconsistent with the conclusion. We report three experiments in...

We present a new approach to aligning bilingual English and Chinese text at sub-sentential level by interleaving alphabetic texts and punctuations matches. With sub-sentential alignment, we expect to improve the effectiveness of alignment at word, chunk and phrase levels and provide finer grained and more reusable translation memory.

(a) the modal auxiliaries ‘might’ and ‘must’, (b) the (sentential) adverbs ‘possibly’ and ‘probably’, (c) the various sentential operators that can be constructed from the modal adjectives ‘possible’ and ‘probable’, such as ‘it’s (very) possible that’, ‘it’s (very) probable that’, ‘there is a strong possibility that’, ‘is at least as probable as’, ‘is more probable than’, etc., and (d) those op...