Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder, in which neurons in central nervous system (CNS) become demyelinated .MS is named for its formation of plaques due to sclerosis of myelin. Variable degree of demyelination results in mild, mediate or severe symptomatic episodes of this disease. It is commonly characterized by recurrent relapses and often followed by severe neurological disabi...

Structural diversity of voltage-gated Ca channels underlies much of the functional diversity in Ca signaling in neurons. Alternative splicing is an important mechanism for generating structural variants within a single gene family. In this paper, we show the expression pattern of an alternatively spliced 21 amino acid encoding exon in the II-III cytoplasmic loop region of the N-type Ca channel ...

BACKGROUND The ExtaviJect® 30G autoinjector was developed to facilitate parenteral self-administration of interferon beta-1b (Extavia®), a first-line disease-modifying therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Our aim was to assess patient compliance with treatment when using the autoinjector, patients' and nurses' experiences of using the device, its tolerability, and patient satisfaction. ...

BACKGROUND Maintaining patient adherence to disease modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis is a challenge, which can be improved by autoinjectors. The BETACONNECT® is a fully electronic autoinjector for the injection of interferon beta-1b (IFN beta-1b) automatically recording injections. METHODS The BETAEVAL study was a prospective, observational, cohort study over 24 weeks among patients with...

Background and Objective: Due to the severe inflammatory conditions and cytokine storm in COVID-19 disease, corticosteroids are used worldwide as adjunctive therapy for these patients due to their anti-inflammatory effects. However, due to limited and inconsistent information about the effectiveness of this drug, this study aimed to investigate the benefit of combined use of β-interferon and me...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease with either a progressive (10%-15%) or relapsing-remitting (85%-90%) course. The pathological hallmarks of MS are lesions of both white and grey matter in the central nervous system. The onset of the disease is usually around 30 years of age. The patients experience an acute focal neurologic dysfunction which is not chara...

A 26-year-old lady with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis who had received interferon beta1-b for eleven months was visited in MS clinic of our hospital because of icter and fatigue. Laboratory tests showed anemia, indirect hyperbillirubinemia, increased LDH, positive direct and indirect coomb's tests, and increased reticulocyte count and percentage. Other causes of autoimmune hemolytic anemi...

Disruption of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) due to endothelial cell (EC) injury is an essential step in formation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. We investigated the role of endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis in the pathophysiology of MS, studying the therapeutic effect of IFN-beta-1b against MS sera-induced endothelial apoptosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with sera f...

Background: Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results from inefficient innate and adaptive immune responses exhausted virus-specific T-cell responses. Host cytokines play important roles in controlling HCV infection. Innate modulate These have recently been shown to antiviral therapy for chronic My previous study has indicated that viral clearance early the course of is associated wi...