Impaired erythropoiesis causes anemia during genetic disorders, chronic disease, and infection. In studies of the underlying mechanisms researchers have increasingly focused on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Here, we identified a previously unrecognized role for interleukin-15 (IL-15) in red blood cell homeostasis and demonstrated that IFN-gamma and signal transducer and activator of transcripti...

Numbers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing cells reactive to ESAT-6 antigen were increased in recent converters to purified protein derivative positivity and in tuberculosis patients but not in unvaccinated or Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated healthy donors. ESAT-6-reactive IFN-gamma-producing cells in recent converters and tuberculosis patients recognized similar synthetic peptides. T...

Intracranial (i.c.) infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) results in anorexic weight loss, mediated by T cells and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Here, we assessed the role of CD4(+) T cells and IFN-gamma on immune cell recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in the central nervous system (CNS) after i.c. LCMV infection. We found that T-cell-deple...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between depression, treatment of depression, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with comorbid diagnoses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and major depressive disorder. DESIGN A randomized comparative outcome trial of three 16-week treatments for depression. Assessments were conducted...

Rabbits and rhesus monkeys were injected with 3 X 10(5) units of human gamma interferon (IFN) prepared in human leukocyte suspensions. Circulating IFN was detected up to 4 h after intravenous administration. Intramuscular injection maintained a relatively stable serum IFN level of about 50 units/ml for 7 to 9 h. The results in both species were similar. Little or no circulating IFN was detected...

Generation of an inflammatory response is a complex process involving multiple factors acting in parallel and in concert. Viruses, parasites, and bacteria, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, act cooperatively with the cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma to induce many of the genes involved in inflammation. In addition, these components syn...

BACKGROUND Pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated liver injury is thought to be due to the host antiviral immune response. Using a quantitative, competitive RT-PCR technique, we recently showed that expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and IFN-gamma inducible type of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is increased in homogenised liver tissue of patients with chronic HCV infection. ...

Heterosubtypic immunity (HSI) is defined as cross-protection against influenza virus of a different serotype than the virus initially encountered and is thought to be mediated by influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Since gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) stimulates cytotoxic cells, including antigen-specific CTL which may control virus replication by secretion of antiviral cytoki...

During secondary immune responses to influenza virus, virus-specific T memory cells are a major source of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). We assessed the contribution of IFN-gamma to heterologous protection against the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus of wild-type and IFN-gamma-/- mice previously immunized with the A/HK/68 (H3N2) virus. The IFN-gamma-/- mice displayed significantly reduced survival rates su...

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is a key cytokine in host defense against intracellular mycobacterial infection. It has been believed that both CD4 and CD8 T cells are the primary sources of IFN-gamma. However, the relative contributions of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets to IFN-gamma production and the relationship between CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation have not been examined. By using a model of pulmo...