Hedging academic claims has been recognized as one of integral pragmatic features of academic writing in which most EFL academic writers seem to face substantial problems. Explicit instruction has been proposed by some scholars as an effective approach to make EFL writers aware of the importance, different forms, and pragmatic functions of hedging devices some of which are polysemous and polypr...

OBJECTIVE To identify the association between the use of web simulation electrocardiography and the learning approaches, strategies and styles of nursing degree students. METHOD A descriptive and correlational design with a one-group pretest-posttest measurement was used. The study sample included 246 students in a Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support nursing class of nursing degree. RES...

The purpose of the present study is to examine a) how lower-intermediate and upperintermediate level Turkish learners of English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) realize refusals in English, b) the differences between native and non-native speakers of English in the use of refusals, and c) if L2 proficiency affects possible pragmatic transfer or not. The participants in the study included 18 native ...

Recent studies on the acquisition of putative “relative clauses” (RCs) in East Asian languages have raised the question of whether the Noun Phase Accessibility Hierarchy (NPAH, or AH) (Keenan & Comrie, 1977) is applicable to those languages. In this paper, I report findings from Chinese as a foreign language learners‟ production data in a sentence combination task. Results from this experiment ...

This article describes ways in which pragmatic language abilities may play a role in the writing performance of children and adolescents with language learning disabilities. First, a brief overview is presented of how pragmatic language difficulties might negatively influence writing performance. Next, research on the writing performance of students with language and learning problems is review...

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology has increasingly been applied as an analytical tool in fields of agricultural, food, and Traditional Chinese Medicine over the past few years. The HSI spectrum of a sample is typically achieved by a spectroradiometer at hundreds of wavelengths. In recent years, considerable effort has been made towards identifying wavelengths (variables) that contribute us...

Abstract. Elevated organic matter (OM) concentrations are found in hadal surface sediments relative to the surrounding abyssal seabed. However, origin of this biological material remains elusive. Here, we report on composition and distribution cellular membrane intact polar lipids (IPLs) extracted from around deepest points Atacama Trench adjacent bathyal margin assess constrain sources labile ...

This paper examines the prosodic organization of L2 Japanese produced by L1 Swedish at the beginner level. Japanese and Swedish have been well studied for their prosodic structures and some well-defined prosodic phrases have been proposed. However, these existing prosodic phrases are found to be inadequate in analyzing L2 intonation seen as interlanguage. Instead, it consists of some unique phr...

OBJECTIVE Approximately 66-80%of graduate students experience statistics anxiety and some researchers propose that many students identify statistics courses as the most anxiety-inducing courses in their academic curriculums. As such, it is likely that statistics anxiety is, in part, responsible for many students delaying enrollment in these courses for as long as possible. This paper proposes a...