Fig. 1. LAO angiographic view failing to visualize the accurate course of distal LAD (black arrowheads) (A). CT curved multiplanar reconstruction demonstrating clearly the distal segment of LAD (B). Cx: circumflex artery; Dg: diagonal branch; LAD: left anterior descending artery. Fig. 2. CT sagittal maximum intensity projection performed 12 months after surgical revascularization confirmed good...

For over a decade there has been accumulating evidence that the use of more than a single arterial graft during coronary artery bypass grafting can improve clinical outcomes. However the vast majority of patients in most developed countries still only receive a single arterial conduit even in the presence of multivessel coronary artery disease. This review summarizes the current evidence for th...

A growing body of evidence suggests that the angiotensin II fragments, Ang(1-7) and Ang(3-8), have a vasoactive role, however ACE2, the enzyme that produces Ang(1-7), or AT4R, the receptor that binds Ang (3-8), have yet been simultaneously localised in both normal and diseased human conduit blood vessels. We sought to determine the immunohistochemical distribution of ACE2 and the AT4R in human ...

Stenosis of the subclavian artery, before the left internal mammary artery branch, is an important problem for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting, with an incidence rate of 0.5-1.1%. In this paper, a case of left subclavian artery stenosis, which developed after coronary artery bypass surgery and led to recurrent anginal attacks in the patient, is presented.

Despite recent advances in medical procedures, cardiovascular disease remains a clinical challenge and the leading cause of mortality in the western world. The condition causes progressive smooth muscle cell (SMC) dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration that contribute to vascular restenosis. The incidence of disease of the internal mammary artery (IMA), however, is much lower than in n...

Sailam, L. A., and Kolff, W. J. (1973). Thorax, 28, 613-616. A new surgical approach to myocardial revascularization-internal mammary artery to coronary vein anastomosis. Myocardial ischaemia was established in anaesthetized animals (five dogs and five sheep) by ligating the anterior descending interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. Once the ischaemic changes became evident electr...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the initial outcome and incidence of restenosis of angioplasty of internal mammary artery grafts in a retrospective study. METHODS The study population consisted of 46 patients (48 lesions) who underwent first balloon angioplasty within the internal mammary artery graft. Most (37/48) were at the distal anastomosis. A few (8/48) were in the graft body. Six patients with t...

Sailam, L. A., and Kolff, W. J. (1973). Thorax, 28, 613-616. A new surgical approach to myocardial revascularization-internal mammary artery to coronary vein anastomosis. Myocardial ischaemia was established in anaesthetized animals (five dogs and five sheep) by ligating the anterior descending interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. Once the ischaemic changes became evident electr...

The experimental and clinical efforts of Demikov and Kolesov between 1952 and 1964 related to coronary anastomosis between the internal thoracic artery and left anterior descending artery on a beating heart. Sones and Shirey (Cleveland, 1962) were pioneers of selective coronary angiography. The first coronary artery bypass grafting using a saphenous vein graft was performed by Garrett, Dennis, ...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the early outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) with a bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) Y configuration graft to achieve total arterial myocardial revascularization. MATERIALS AND METHODS From October 2002 to December 2008, 208 patients (196 male and 12 female patients) underwent OPCABG by only using a BIMA Y configuration graft...