this paper addresses an experimental investigation in the hydrodynamic behavior of a modified slotted sieve tray. slotted sieve tray (push valve sieve tray) is a sieve tray that the push valves have been utilized on the tray deck to eliminate liquid gradients and non-uniformity of liquid distribution on the tray. the air-water system was used in an industrial scale experimental rig with an inte...

The degradation of concrete material under multiple freeze–thaw cycles is an important issue for structures in cold and wet regions. This paper proposed a physical and mechanical model to explain the deformation behavior observed in previous experiments, from internal pressure calculation to mesoscale simulation, and for both closed and open freeze–thaw tests. Three kinds of internal pressures ...