This paper establishes the equality of the observation spaces defined by means of piecewise constant controls with those defined in terms of differentiable controls. This research was supported in part by US Air Force Grant AFOSR-88-0235. keywords: Observation space, shuffle product, input-output system, generating series.

It is well-known that the Interparticle interactions between adsorbates and surface of an adsorbent can affect the surface morphology. One of the consequences of this issue is that the resonant frequency of a nanoscale resonator can be changed due to adsorption. In this study we have chosen a cantilever-based nanoscale mass-sensor with a single nanoparticle at its tip. Using the classical...

We report herein the development of a highly sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine (MTU) which acts as an anti-thyroid drug utilizing citrate capped gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). This thiol-containing molecule exhibits intriguing affinity with Au-NPs. The reactivity involves the displacement of the citrate shell by the thiolate shell followed ...

This chapter focuses on the World Wide Web (Web) as a provider of shared information landscapes. It reviews our work to design 3D spaces for information navigation and social interaction, and suggests an approach to such design based on an experiential theory of meaning. The increasing use of virtual 3D space in information environments is noted, and Personal Spaces are contrasted with Public P...

Abstract Producing a consistent layer quality for different raw-materials is challenge powder-based additive manufacturing. Interparticle cohesion plays key role on the powder spreading process. In this work, we characterise structure of deposited layers in powder-base manufacturing process by numerical simulations using discrete element method. The effect particle evaluated. It found that high...

The Lower Silurian black shale in the Southeast of Chongqing is great potential accumulation gas South China. In order to understand pore system these shales, mercury porosimetry, surface area study, mineralogy and image analyses by scanning electronic microscopy were performed. Four major types (interparticle pores, intraparticle organic-matter pores microfractures) classified under observatio...

In this article, we show for the first time, both theoretically and empirically, that plasmonic coupling can be used to generate Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances (LSPRs) in transition metal dimeric nano-antennas (NAs) over a broad spectral range (from the visible to the near infrared) and that the spectral position of the resonance can be controlled through morphological variation of the NA...

TV White Spaces have recently been proposed as an alternative to alleviate the spectrum crunch, characterised by the need to reallocate frequency bands to accommodate the ever-growing demand for wireless communications. In this paper, we discuss the motivations and challenges for collecting spectrum measurements in developing regions and discuss a scalable system for communities to gather and p...