OBJECTIVE To assess evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the safety of isotonic versus hypotonic intravenous (IV) maintenance fluids in hospitalized children. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov (up to April 11, 2013) for RCTs that compared isotonic to hypotonic maintenance IV fluid therapy in hospitalized children. Relative risk (RR), ...

A nulliparous non-descript mare presented at full term with a history of straining (utero-abdominal contractions) for the last 24 hours. Vaginal examination revealed dead foal in posterior presentation bilateral hip flexion and dorso-iliac left position. Pre-operatively, 5 mL Tetanus toxoid as intramuscular injection, 3g Ceftriaxone 4 Dexamethasone 3L 5% Dextrose normal saline (DNS) intravenous...

BACKGROUND Anemia is a common feature during sepsis that occurs due to iatrogenic blood loss, depression of serum iron levels and erythropoietin production, and a decreased lifespan of erythrocytes. However, these mechanisms are unlikely to play a role in anemia at the start of sepsis. Moreover, sequestration of fluids, renal failure and increase of intravascular space may additionally influenc...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the use of hypotonic vs isotonic maintenance fluids confers an increased risk of hyponatremia in hospitalized children. STUDY DESIGN A search of MEDLINE (1946 to January 2013), the Cochrane Central Registry (1991 to December 2012), Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1990 to December 2012), and Pediatric Academic Societies (2000-2012) abst...

BACKGROUND Intravenous fluids are commonly prescribed in childhood. 0.9 % saline is the most-used fluid in pediatrics as resuscitation or maintenance solution. Experimental studies and observations in adults suggest that 0.9 % saline is a poor candidate for fluid resuscitation. Although anesthesiologists, intensive care specialists, perioperative physicians and nephrologists have been the most ...

BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence for acute traumatic coagulopathy occurring prior to emergency room (ER) admission but detailed information is lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis using the German Trauma Registry database including 17,200 multiple injured patients was conducted to determine (a) to what extent clinically relevant coagulopathy has already been establish...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hyponatraemia following delivery, with a hypothesis that hyponatraemia has a high prevalence in labouring women. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Consultant-led delivery suite in County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden. SAMPLE A total of 287 pregnant women at term (37 full gestational weeks). METHODS Oral fluids...