Nowadays, the most efficient form of intravesical immunotherapy for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), proceeding from an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. In up to 40% of cases, its instillation is associated with significantly elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. In these cases, prostate bio...

cytomorphological changes of mitomycin c on urothelial cells may be misinterpreted as a neoplastic process. a 60-year old male patient who was given an eight-week course of intravesical mitomycin c due to non-invasive low grade transitional cell carcinoma. during his follow-up care, the findings of a urine cytology exam were as follows: nuclear enlargement of cells, wrinkled nuclear membranes, ...

Objectives: This paper explores the diagnostic and staging procedures available for bladder cancer, the prognostic factors for recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive tumours, and the indications for intravesical therapy and cystectomy in patients with non-muscle-invasive, recurrent disease. Methods: The authors reviewed the literature on diagnosis of bladder cancer, prognostic factor...

Klinger MB, Vizzard MA. Role of p75 in female rat urinary bladder with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295: F1778–F1789, 2008. First published October 8, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90501.2008.—Previous studies demonstrated changes in urinary bladder neurotrophin content and upregulation of neurotrophin receptors, TrkA and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75), in mic...

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNUx) is prevalent in Japan and throughout the world, but long-term outcome data remain limited. OBJECTIVE To understand the present state of LNUx in Japan, we conducted a multicenter analysis of clinical outcome and long-term cancer control for patients who underwent the procedure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between January 1995 and Decemb...

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the second most common urologic neoplasm after prostate carcinoma in the United States, with an estimated 70,510 new cases and 14,880 deaths in 2012 [1]. Global prevalence of bladder cancer is estimated at >1 million and is steadily increasing. This disease places enormous economic burden on the U.S. health care system due to its requirements of surgical r...

PURPOSE HTI-286 is a fully synthetic analogue of the natural tripeptide hemiasterlin that inhibits tubulin polymerization and has strong cytotoxic potential. In this study, we evaluate the inhibitory effects of HTI-286 on human bladder cancer growth, both in vitro and as an intravesical agent in an orthotopic murine model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Various bladder cancer cell lines were treated wit...

Background. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a well known and effective therapy for bladder carcinoma. Complications from BCG are very uncommon. Vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to BCG is exceedingly rare. Methods. We report a case of vertebral osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium bovis following intravesical BCG therapy. We then present a review of all the reported cases of BCG-in...

gross hematuria or macroscopic hematuria is a high risk urologic condition that might occur in different settings. in the case of continued gross hematuria, blood clot size may grow and lead to complete obstruction of urinary outflow. placement of three-way catheter, continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline, and cystoscopy are conventional treatments. here we introduce a case with urina...