Instillation of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an effective treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The high incidence of side effects may limit its tolerability in patients. Local side effects including cystitis and hematuria are common but generally self-limiting. Bladder contractures are a rare but serious consequence of BCG treatment. In this case, an 82 ye...

Dear Editor, The recurrence rate of bladder cancer reaches up to 40–50%, and progression from non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) occurs in up to 9.8–13.8% of cases [1]. When bladder cancer progresses to MIBC, radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder substitution or urinary diversion is required to improve survival, although this decreases pa...

We describe a case of recurrent left-sided epididymitis secondary to severe idiopathic posterior urethritis extending to left seminal vesicle and vas deference with associated urethrovasal reflux (UVR). Cystourethroscopy and micturating cystourethrogram were essential for the diagnosis. Following cystourethroscopy, intravesical, and urethral instillation of topical steroid triamcinolone, patien...

Intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy is used to treat superficial bladder cancer. This study was to establish the intra- and intersubject variabilities in the systemic (plasma) and target site (bladder) exposure to the drug and to identify the factors which contribute to these variabilities. The pharmacokinetics of MMC were studied in 10 patients. Treatment consisted of transurethral tumor re...

Various intravesical therapies have been introduced into clinical practices for controlling non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, evidence with respect to the efficacy and safety of those intravesical therapies is very limited. Hence, we present a network meta-analysis in order to address this limitation in the current literature. The primary outcomes were the risk of tumor recur...