We study the constraints imposed by the Hadamard condition on the two-point function of local states of a scalar quantum field conformally coupled to a gravitational background. We propose a method to assign a stress tensor to the state-dependent part of the two point function which arises as a conserved tensor with an anomalous trace. To characterize the local Hadamard states of physical inter...

Developing an effective turbulence model is important for engineering applications as well as for fundamental understanding of the flow physics. We present a mathematical derivation of a closure relating the Reynolds stress to the mean strain rate for incompressible flows. A systematic multiscale analysis expresses the Reynolds stress in terms of the solutions of local periodic cell problems. W...

The complete on-shell action of topological Einstein-Maxwell gravity in four-dimensions is presented. It is shown explicitly how this theory for SU(2) holonomy manifolds arises from four-dimensional Euclidean N = 2 supergravity. The twisted local BRST symmetries and twisted local Lorentz symmetries are given and the action and stress tensor are shown to be BRST-exact. A set of BRST-invariant to...

this paper presents a comparison study between the multilayer perceptron (mlp) and radial basis function (rbf) neural networks with supervised learning and back propagation algorithm to track hand gestures. both networks have two output classes which are hand and face. skin is detected by a regional based algorithm in the image, and then networks are applied on video sequences frame by frame in...

lorentz characterized the almost convergence through the concept of uniform convergence of de lavallée-poussin mean. in this paper, we generalize the notion of almost convergence by using the concept ofinvariant mean and the generalized de la vallée-poussin mean. we determine the bounded linear operators forthe generalized σ-conservative, σ-regular and σ-coercive matrices.

the main result of this article is that for collections of entry-wise non-negative matrices the property of possessing a standard triangularization is stable under approximation. the methodology introduced to prove this result allows us to offer quick proofs of the corresponding results of [b. r. yahaghi, near triangularizability implies triangularizability, canad. math. bull. 47, (2004), no. 2...

When Einstein was thinking about the theory of general relativity based on the elimination of especial relativity constraints (especially the geometric relationship of space and time), he understood the first limitation of especial relativity is ignoring changes over time. Because in especial relativity, only the curvature of the space was considered. Therefore, tensor calculations should be to...

An AdS2 black hole spacetime is an AdS2 spacetime together with a preferred choice of time. The Boulware, Hartle-Hawking and SL(2,R) invariant vacua are constructed, together with their Green functions and stress tensors, for both massive and massless scalars in an AdS2 black hole. The classical Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is found to be independent of the temperature, but at one loop a non-zero...