This paper seeks to understand the intriguing but only sparsely explored phenomenon of “leisure time invention,” where the main underlying idea for the new product or process occurs when the inventor is away from the workplace. We add to previous research by focussing on the inventive creativity of the individual researcher, and reassessing the image of researchers inventing during unpaid time ...

This paper addresses discovery of unknown relations from incomplete network data using abduction. Given a network information such as causal relations and metabolic pathways, we want to infer missing links and nodes in the network to account for observations. This is implemented in SOLAR, an automated deduction system for consequence finding, using first-order representation of algebraic relati...

The paradigm of biologically inspired design views nature as a vast library of robust, efficient and multifunctional designs, and espouses the use nature as a source of analogues for inspiring novel designs in domains of interest such as architecture, computing, engineering, etc. Over the last generation, biologically inspired design has emerged as a major movement in engineering, architectural...

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The present invention provides a new process for the preparation of 2S,3S-N-isobutyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-4phenylbutyl)-p-nitrobenzenesulfonylamide hydrochloride, wherein this compound is prepared directly from the chloromethylalcohol. Importantly, the process of the present invention results in higher yields of 2S,3S-N-isobutyl-N-(2hydroxy -3 -amino -4-phenylbu tyl) -pnitrobenzenesulfonylamide...

representanve' La 1011a' CA (Us) The invention provides a family of 2-Write WOM-codes, pre (73) Assigneez THE REGENTS OF THE ferred embodiments of Which provide improved WOM-rates. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Embodiments of the invention provide constructs for linear Oakland CA (Us) ' codes C having a 2-Write WOM-code. Embodiments of the ' invention provide 2-Write WOM-codes that improve the best ...

I introduce and analyze an equilibrium model of invention, patenting and infringement under monopolistic competition. Profitable use of inventions requires adaptation to complementary technologies. With patents, a thicket of conflicting rights emerges and costly infringements occur. This taxes invention and lowers welfare. When an inventor may be a “troll”—patent without inventing—the rate of i...

Patents grant their owners the right to exclude others from practicing a claimed invention for a limited time. Whether patents actually protect the economic interests of their owners, provide incentive for innovation, and foster economic growth has been extensively debated. There are undisputedly, however, times when the same patents that may protect an entity’s exclusive interest in a claimed ...

According to the geographical location of Iran, it enjoys both arid and semi-arid weather, which has been the cause of water shortage problems. Therefore, water has been one of strategic importance in Iran. When the population dramatically increased in ancient Iran, the demand for supplying water also increased simultaneously and brought about the need for the invention of a new way for supplyi...

the patents’ term prolongation through protecting the new detected uses is the problematic matter that has been seriously attended by the developed countries in recent years. iranian legislators’ uncertainty toward the subject within the respective legislatures illustrates the legal importance of taking a stance, which is consistent with the primary principles of patent law and international ob...