The TGF-beta pathway controls a broad range of cellular behavior including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of various cell types including tumor cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts. Besides TGF-beta's direct effects on tumor growth and its involvement in neoangiogenesis have received recent attention. Germline mutations in TGF-beta receptors or coreceptors...

BACKGROUND Optimisation of the process and outcomes of service user involvement in research is dependent on understanding current practice, challenges and opportunities. AIMS To describe activities, roles and experiences of service users involved in mental health research. METHOD National cross-sectional online questionnaire survey, using snowball sampling. Descriptive statistics and framew...

The purpose of this study was to examine the sport experience for athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) who participate in Special Olympics (SO). This study included a nationally representative sample of 1,307 families and 579 athletes in the U.S., focusing on sport involvement over the lifespan and motives for participating and for leaving SO. Athletes with ID are similar to athletes wi...

Computer illiteracy is diminishing as a new generation of retirees become the younger old and display more up-to-date knowledge and skills. However, there are questions about whether this group will be able to continue to update their skills as they get older, and whether it is appropriate to develop technology solutions specifically for this age group or to concentrate on accessible designs fo...

Vehicular speed has a two-fold influence on traffic accident risk: It affects both probability of involvement and severity of consequence. In terms of involvement, it was long ago suggested that deviation from the mean travel speed of surrounding traffic carried an increased risk fbr the “offending” vehicle.’ A vehicle traveling significantly faster or slower than surrounding traffic is either ...

This literature review aimed to identify the concept of Health Education used by researchers in Collective Health; to present the main trends and pedagogical references defended in these studies and to exemplify studies constructed with the objective to promote health education by means of participant strategies with the community's involvement. After reading and analyzing 22 articles searched ...

In 1994, the people of South Africa overwhelmingly voted the African National Congress (ANC) into power, officially ending over 40 years of apartheid rule. Apartheid, which successfully limited civil rights and opportunities for millions of Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians, transformed towns and cities across the country into the "Apartheid City." This spatial construct segregated South Af...

It is commonly believed that Title IX has had one of the greatest impacts on women and girl’s involvement in sport United States beyond. In 2021, 50 years from its inception, development women’s opportunity within sporting sphere increased dramatically. doubtless participation opportunities “the question no longer, ‘can play?’ The critical ‘at what level?’ That’s 21st century question.”