We report the preparation of stable dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using carminic acid (CA) as a dispersing agent. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that MWCNT is well dispersed in CA aqueous solution and CA has been well adsorbed at MWCNT walls. Fourier transform infrared (FTI...

IN a series of methods recently proposed (Robertson & Webb, 1939) for the microestimation of the principal constituents of sea water and of the body fluids of marine animals, that for sulphate was on the whole the least satisfactory. As there described it consists of precipitation by means of barium chloride and direct titration of the excess barium with sodium sulphate, using rhodizonic acid a...

The purpose of this study was to identify the key factors involved in patulin adsorption by heat-inactivated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cells. For preventing bacterial contamination, a sterilization process was involved in the adsorption process. The effects of various physical, chemical, and enzymatic pre-treatments, simultaneous treatments, and post-treatments on the patulin adsorption perfor...

The reliability of the various Somogyi-Shaffer-Hartmann (1, 2) copper reagents for glucose determination in biological material has been established. Adaptation of these reagents to calorimetric use may be accomplished by omission of the iodide and iodate in their preparation, since these interfere with the molybdate color reagents. This omission produces no especial change in the character of ...

Bleach, nitrite, chromate, and hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase are effective urine adulterants used by the illicit drug users to conceal marijuana-positive results. Methods for detecting nitrite and chromate are available. Effects of other oxidizing agents that could possibly be used as adulterants and are difficult to detect or measure are presented in this report. Urine samples containing 40 ng/...

The hydrogen ion is arguably the most ubiquitous and important species in chemistry. It also plays a key role in nearly every biological process. In this Account, we discuss systems whose behavior is governed by oscillations in the concentration of hydrogen ion. The first chemical oscillators driven by changes in pH were developed a quarter century ago. Since then, about two dozen new pH oscill...

Radioactive isotopes of iodine (1311 and 1291) and cesium (137Cs) are important contaminants present in nuclear waste. These radioisotopes have been introduced into the environment through nuclear weapons tests as well as nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl. Although iodine is commonly found as iodide (F), which is generally considered to behave conservatively, it has been proposed that iodide ...

Various investigators have reported on methods for the estimation of iodine in air, food, water, vegetables, tissue, and blood. Chatin (1) in 1851 used the method of Rabourdin (2) and established the presence of iodine in air. Rabourdin’s method depends on converting the iodine to potassium iodide, setting it free with nitrous acid, and extracting with carbon disulfide. Detection was possible i...

Reactive oxidants damage the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is required for viability of overlying photoreceptors. Smoking which leads to chronic accumulation of reactive oxidants in the circulation is linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) where RPE death is seen along with photoreceptor loss in the central macular region of the retina. It is unclear why this damage is conce...

Purpose We identify noninvasive biomarkers that measure the severity of oxidative stress within retina layers in sodium iodate (SI)-atrophy vulnerable (C57BL/6 [B6]) and SI-atrophy resistant (129S6/SvEvTac [S6]) mice. Methods At 24 hours after administering systemic SI to B6 and S6 mice we measured: (1) superoxide production in whole retina ex vivo, (2) excessive free radical production in vi...