Abstract On the basis of generalized Poisson–Boltzmann equation derived from Bogolyubov chain equations for equilibrium distribution functions in pair correlation approximation, a general expression is proposed Helmholtz free energy system that contains any number components and whose particles interact via arbitrary potentials. This opens up an extraordinary opportunity to simultaneously treat...

BACKGROUND Psychological effects of air ions have been reported for more than 80 years in the media and scientific literature. This study summarizes a qualitative literature review and quantitative meta-analysis, where applicable, that examines the potential effects of exposure to negative and positive air ions on psychological measures of mood and emotional state. METHODS A structured litera...

The ionization potential of an ion embedded in a plasma is lowered due to the whole charged particles (ions and electrons) interacting with that ion. It is the so called plasma effect. The numerical plasma model developed years ago, based on classical molecular dynamics, capable to describe a neutral plasma at equilibrium involving ions of various charge states of the same atom together with el...