The history of kidney and urologic disorders dates back to the dawn of civilization. Throughout history of medicine, urine, the first bodily fluid to be examined, has continuously been studied as a means of understanding inner bodily function. The purpose of this review was to appraise the contributions of the ancient Iranian physician pioneers in the field of kidney and urological disorders, a...

BACKGROUND Patient empowerment can enhance the outcomes of care such as metabolic control as well as quality of their life. This study evaluates the Iranian version for development of a valid and reliable diabetes empowerment scale. METHODS Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES-LF) were measured through a cross-sectional study. DES-LF was evaluated thr...

The role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the immune response makes it an attractive candidate gene for associations with disease resistance and susceptibility. This study describes genetic variability in the BoLA-DRB3 in Iranian buffaloes. Heminested PCR-RFLP method was used to identify the frequency of BoLA-DRB3 alleles. The BoLA-DRB3 locus is highly polymorphic in the study h...

Cigarette smoking continues to be a major public health problem that specifically affects the adolescent population. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among Iranian adolescents has been reported between 2.5 to 17.0% (1). Such a broad range is primarily due to the variety of the definition of “being a smoker”, the age difference of the samples under study and the location where such studies ha...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a main cause of failure in the chemotherapeutic treatment of malignant disorders. One of the well-known genes responsible for drug resistance encodes the multidrug resistance- associated protein (MRP1). The association of MRP1 with clinical drug resistance has not systematically been investigated in Iranian pediatric leukemia patients. We therefore applied real-tim...

Concerns have increased regarding water quality deterioration in arid land water. Water age is a useful indicator of the susceptibility bodies to and helpful for knowing basic mechanisms governing transport materials through bodies. In current study, spatial distributions small lake Bosten Lake (hereinafter referred as lake) were investigated with two-dimensional hydrodynamic model built on bas...

The region between the Brazilian Shield and Atlantic Ocean is characterized by presence of numerous hydrographic basins isolated mountainous terrain that flow directly into ocean without forming wide coastal plains. However, knowledge about diversity distribution freshwater fish in several areas still incipient. One these Costa Verde Fluminense region, situated municipalities Mangaratiba Paraty...

Abstract – One of the most important issues in flood risk management is finding a way to cope with uncertainties. Despite centuries experience management, disasters become more frequent and are increasing severity due climate change. This work examined disaster adaptation strategies among people Guma Local Government Area, Benue State. Data on demographic characteristics respondents, frequency,...

A recently proposed and fundamentally different Cenozoic geology glacial history paradigm (new paradigm) is used to explain previously reported other anomalous Monongahela River drainage basin system evidence (observable on detailed topographic maps in the form of barbed tributaries, asymmetric tributary basins, large abandoned meander cutoffs, poorly explained transverse drainages drainages). ...

POPULATION SïRUCTURE AND MICROPHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PA'TTERNS OF DOLLY VARDEN (SALVELRVUS MALMX) ALONG THE YUKON NORTH SLOPE James Gareth Rh ydderch University of Guelph Advisor: Dr. Paul D.N. Hebert This study investigated the genetic relationships arnong closely adjacent populations of Dolly Varden charr, Salvelinus malma, to infer recent evolutionary events on the Yukon north slope. Specifically, ...