BACKGROUND Activins, members of the TGF-β superfamily, are key drivers of inflammation and are thought to play a significant role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a process inherent to renal transplantation that negatively impacts early and late allograft function. Follistatin (FS) is a protein that binds activin and inhibits its activity. This study examined the response of activin A and ...

We thank Wei and colleagues for their interest 1 in our report 2 on the susceptibility of diabetic models to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) that involves hyperglycemia, p53 and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. We agree that reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be an important factor for heightened p53 activation by IRI in diabetic kidneys. ROS is produced in diabetic tissues and may ...

The effect of conditioning to severe exercise upon serum immunoreactive insulin levels (IRI) and serum glucose concentrations (GC) was studied in active and sedentary groups of middle-aged men. The responses of serum IRI and serum GC were determined during graded cycle ergometer exercise which required similar low and high relative work intensities, before (pre) and after (post) a four month ph...

In this study we have characterized the effects of cysteamine (CHS) on the cellular content and release of immunoreactive somatostatin (S-14 LI), insulin (IRI), and glucagon (IRG) from monolayer cultures of neonatal rat islets. Incubation of cultures with 0.1-10 mM CHS for 1 h led to an apparent, dosedependent reduction of cellular S-14 LI that was 50% of control at 0.3 mM, 87% at 1 mM, and 95%...

In this study we have characterized the effects of cysteamine (CHS) on the cellular content and release of immunoreactive somatostatin (S-14 LI), insulin (IRI), and glucagon (IRG) from monolayer cultures of neonatal rat islets. Incubation of cultures with 0.1-10 mM CHS for 1 h led to an apparent, dosedependent reduction of cellular S-14 LI that was 50% of control at 0.3 mM, 87% at 1 mM, and 95%...

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of the blood flow to the particular organ. IRI usually is associated with a robust inflammatory and oxidative stress response to hypoxia and reperfusion which disturbs the organ function. Renal IR induced acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes to high morbidity and mortality rate in a wide range of injuries. Although th...

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of ulinastatin (urinary trypsin inhibitor, UTI) on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and graft survival. We employed mouse liver cold IRI and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) models. UTI was added to lactated Ringer's (LR) solution for liver perfusion and preservation in vitro or combined with UTI injection intraperitoneal...

All allografts suffer a number of unavoidable ischemic insults. These, starting with brain death and ending with reperfusion, are very troublesome, as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is demonstrated to be a major cause of allograft damage in various types of transplantations. To counter the threat this poses to allograft function, investigators have worked diligently over the past decades in ...

Effects of peroral insulin on plasma concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucose in newborn calves were studied. Bovine insulin was administered in amounts of 0.5 mg/kg body weight immediately preceding first colostrum. Thereafter, neither an increased IRI response nor a lowering of blood glucose level were observed, indicating that insulin was either not absorbed from the intest...

The absorptive properties of dust aerosols largely determine the magnitude of their radiative impacts on the climate system. Currently, climate models use globally constant values of dust imaginary refractive index (IRI), a parameter describing the dust absorption efficiency of solar radiation, although it is highly variable. Here we show with model experiments that the dust-induced Indian summ...