Introduction: Human beings are naturally exposed to ionizing radiation in any environment. There are two main contributors to radiation exposures from natural sources: cosmic rays, Cosmo genic radionuclides, and radioactive nuclides that originated in the earth's crust. According to the latest data provided by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Rad...

BACKGROUND Dose accuracy and injection force, representing key parameters of insulin pens, were determined for three pens delivering insulin glargine-based copies, Pen Royale (WR) and DispoPen (WD) for Glaritus® (Wockhardt) and GanLee Pen (GL) for Basalin® (Gan & Lee), compared with pens of the originator, ClikSTAR® (CS) and SoloSTAR® (SS) for Lantus® (Sanofi). METHODS Using the weighing proc...

The purpose of this study was to analyze biochemical measures of oxidative stress and assess their relationship to insulin requirements early in type 1 diabetes. Thirty-seven patients enrolled in a 3-yr longitudinal study of the effects of oxidative stress on the early natural history of this disorder. We measured plasma nitrite and nitrate (collectively NOx), nitrotyrosine, and 8-iso-prostagla...

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is involved in the onset of several degenerative disorders, and epidemiological studies indicate that a high intake of dietary antioxidants, as in the case of the Mediterranean basin, is protective. Olive mill waste waters (OMWWs) are a byproduct of olive oil production rich in phenolic antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol. We tested the effects of a low dose of an O...

beta-Adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (ISO), is a potent relaxant of tracheal smooth muscle and inhibits carbachol-induced contraction. The effect of ISO on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was examined in bovine tracheal smooth muscle strips, employing aequorin as Ca2+ indicator. Surprisingly, 10 microM ISO induces a 5-fold increase in [Ca2+]i which then gradually declines but ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate health risks to operators of large and small load-haul-dump (LHD) vehicles exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV), based on criteria established in ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-5, and EU Directive 2002/44 EC. Studies simultaneously evaluating health risks based on all three standards are limited. Operator WBV exposure was measured in accordance with ISO 2631-1 u...

AIMS The beneficial effects of 4'-O-methylated flavonoids on induction of melanogenesis are well established. Here, we report the effect of isosakuranetin (Iso) on melanogenesis in B16BL6 melanoma cells and an analysis of the signaling pathways involved in this activity. METHODS B16BL6 melanoma cells were treated with several concentrations of Iso and melanin content was measured. Activation ...

The slow digestible disaccharide isomaltulose (iso; Palatinose) is available as novel functional carbohydrate ingredient for manufacturing of low glycaemic foods and beverages. Although basically characterised, various information on physiological effects of iso are still lacking. Thus, the objective of the present study was to expand scientific knowledge of physiological characteristics of iso...

The pharmacological properties of cholinergic receptors on the cell body membrane of the fast coxal depressor motoneurone (Df) of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) have been investigated. Parallel dose-response curves were obtained for the depolarizing actions of four bath-applied agonists, with the following order of effectiveness: nicotine>acetylcholine (ACh), in the presence of 1-0X10~M ...