the most important goal of each society, is to reach economic development. as the goal and agent of development, man has got an important responsibility, which responsibility is realized by way of education, specially higher education, because the universities are the main factors for progress, production of knowledge and education of specialized human forces and they play a significant role in...

The Open University's repository of research publications and other research outputs Physical and perceptual differences between two trumpets of the same model type Conference Item (2012). Physical and perceptual differences between two trumpets of the same model type. Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. ...

This paper argues that the use of information technology in educational management (ITEM) is an important component of the efficient and effective operation of a large K-12 school. Systems in place allow the development of a complete picture of a student’s activities and teachers are better able to make decisions that helps each student reach his potential.

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including ...

Multiple Choice tests are utilized widely in educational assessment because of their objectivity, ease of scoring, and reliability. This study aimed to compare IF and ID of MC vocabulary test items and attempted to find whether these indices are affected by the number of options. To this end, four 20 item stem equivalent vocabulary tests (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-option MC) were administered to 194 (1...

Item banks are typically constructed from responses to items that are presented in one fixed order; therefore, order effects between subsequent items may violate the independence assumption. We investigated the effect of item order on item bank construction, item calibration, and ability estimation. 15 polytomous items similar to items used in a pilot version of a computer adaptive test for anx...

fMRI was employed to investigate the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in the encoding of item-item and item-context associations. On each of a series of study trials subjects viewed a picture that was presented either to the left or right of fixation, along with a subsequently presented word that appeared at fixation. Memory was tested in a subsequent memory test that took place o...