The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

Background: Observing ethical principles and paying attention to human status based on Islamic teachings had a profound impact on the lifestyle and architecture of traditional Iranian buildings. Therefore, the meaningful relationship between architecture and ethics always provides for the spiritual needs of man, so as to achieve equilibrium in the architectural space. Accordingly, Islamic teach...

technology affected human life in many ways in different eras of mankind history. today, the information and telecommunication technology has revolutionized basic structures of human life. changes are from the whole to the parts and vice versa, which include family and society too. family lost its former structure in the information age and differentiated from patriarchy family. societies have ...