OBJECTIVE Lateral wedge insoles are a potential simple treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients by reducing the external knee adduction moment (EKAM). However in some patients, an increase in their EKAM is seen. Understanding the role of the ankle joint complex in the response to lateral wedge insoles is critical in understanding and potentially identifying why some patients respo...

The biomechanical mechanisms that link foot structure to injuries of the musculoskeletal system during gait are not well understood. This study had two parts. The purpose of part one was to determine the relation between clinical rearfoot and forefoot angles and foot angles as they make contact with the ground. The purpose of part two was to determine the effects of large vs. moderate values of...

To elucidate the early sequential morphogenetic progress of exencephaly and myeloschisis, rat embryos whose mothers had been treated with hypervitaminosis A were studied at 1-day interval from gestation day 10.5 to 15.5. In exposed animals sequential change was found in both exencephaly and myeloschisis as the embryos grew up. The 10.5-day old exencephalic embryos had still widely open cephalic...

OBJECTIVE It is often that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who require ankle surgeries already have the degeneration of talocalcaneal joints. When talocalcaneal joint was fused, whether operatively or spontaneously, ankle kinematics would be affected. The purpose of this paper was to study in vivo kinematics of mobile-bearing total ankle replacement (TAR) in rheumatoid ankle with concom...

INTRODUCTION Surgery is the only treatment option for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Aim of surgery in FAP is to minimize colorectal cancer risk without need for permanent stoma. There are especially two operation options; Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) and total proctocolectomy with ileo-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). We report here a patient with FAP who had resectio...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of localised tibialis posterior muscle fatigue on foot kinematics during walking. It was hypothesised that following fatigue, subjects would demonstrate greater forefoot and rearfoot motion during walking. It was also postulated that the magnitude of the change in rearfoot motion would be associated with standing anatomical rear...

OBJECTIVE To challenge casual understanding of the causal mechanisms of foot orthotics. Although the classic orthotic paradigm of Merton L. Root and his colleagues is often acknowledged, the research attempting to explain and validate these mechanisms is far less clear in its appraisal. DATA SOURCES Studies evaluating the relationship of foot type (medial arch height) and use of foot orthoses...

We have investigated the role of the right mesocerebrum in the expression of mating behaviour in the garden snail Helix aspersa. Using an in vivo stimulation and recording technique, we provide evidence for both sensory and motor functions in the mesocerebral neuronal population. Some neurones were specifically sensitive to tactile stimuli delivered to the skin on the superior tentacles and aro...

Multiple diverticulosis of the jejunum is an uncommon pathology small bowel. The incidence diverticulum intestine varies from 0.3 to 1.2%, out which duodenal diverticula are common that jejunal. This rare jejunal usually asymptomatic in course, made it more difficult establishing this diagnosis. may rarely lead complications such as perforation, haemorrhage, obstruction be due adhesions, volvul...

any (continuous) map N → M between stably parallelizable compact n-manifolds, n 6= 1, 2, 3, 7, is realizable in R, i.e. the composition of f with an embedding M ⊂ R is C-approximable by embeddings. It has been long believed that any degree 2 map S → S, obtained by capping off at infinity a time-symmetric (e.g. Shapiro’s) sphere eversion S×I → R, was non-realizable in R. We show that there exist...