The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) fundamentally altered the safety net for lowincome families. PRWORA eliminated the 61-year-old Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and its companion welfare-to-work program—the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) training program. The new law provides states with block grants to establi...

This paper reports on a qualitative study conducted in the summer of 2007 in Delhi, India where nearly 60 call center employees were interviewed in focus group settings to evaluate issues related to the quality of life of the workers. The findings suggest that a this scenario presents an opportunity to develop Web-based training tools for process and culture training of the workers to ensure th...

Propagation in equilibrium models of search unemployment is significantly altered when vacancy costs require some external financing on frictional credit markets. The easing of financing constraints during an expansion reduces the opportunity cost of resources allocated to job creation, raising the elasticity of market tightness through (i) a cost channel, increasing incentive to recruit for a ...

Economic theory suggests that the use of flat-rate compensation for military recruiters is sub-optimal. We elicited the preferences of U.S. Navy recruiters for a piece-rate compensation scheme, and find many would prefer a modest decrease in fixed salary in exchange for the opportunity to receive a small monetary bonus per high-quality recruit. Under such a bonus scheme, the Navy could hire few...

Necessity spin-offs are organized by employees of incumbent firms to escape deteriorating job conditions. This paper proposes a conceptual model of the spin-off process. Necessity spin-offs are distinguished from opportunity spin-offs on the basis of their triggering events. An empirical analysis of German laser spin-offs traces differences in the performance and determinants of the two types o...

Several theories suggest that pay raises below a reference point will reduce job performance. Final offer arbitration for police unions provides a unique opportunity to examine these theories, as the police officers either receive their requested wage or receive a lower one. In the months after New Jersey police officers lose in arbitration, arrest rates and average sentence length decline, and...

As members of injury prevention and injury management teams, physical therapists and occupational therapists have the opportunity to evaluate back stress associated with patient-lifting activities. In this study, three mathematical formulas are presented that can be used to objectively assess health care workers' maximum safe lifting capacity for moving patients. Recommendations to reduce the r...

The baby had yet to arrive, but the rest of Michael’s new life was starting to become real. A year after nishing his doctorate, Michael was starting a teaching job at a university in a new city. The transition had been extended by an opportunity to work at an Internet company for six months. As a result, Michael didn’t fully appreciate his new identity. He described his roles, assignments, and ...

 to provide an objective phonetic description of vowels and diphthongs of Indian English in acoustic terms and  to provide acoustic evidence of sound change in English in language contact situation.  This of course would have implications in ESL in India, as knowledge about the vowel space and vowel qualities produced by speakers in India can help us in teaching spoken English to the student...

Nam et al. undertook a remarkable study highlighting job stress in the field of gastroenterology. Among their findings, they noted that fellows demonstrated insufficient job control in relation to more senior professorial colleagues. The field of gastroenterology has been slow to catch up with advances in medical education. Hence, this finding is not a surprise. When we look into the science of...