introduction: the shoulder is one of the most vulnerable joints for handball players.  frequent throwing movements can change its muscular strength balance and range of motion. however, the balance of strength and range of motion are important factors in injury prevention. the purpose of this study was to compare the internal-to-external ratios of strength rotation and rom rotation in the domin...

In this study, a scheme using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for calculating inverse dynamics is proposed and applied to openand closed-loop link mechanisms. In this scheme, the entire system is subdivided into discrete elements and evaluated as a continuum. A single-link structure of a pin joint and a rigid bar is expressed by using the Shifted Integration (SI) technique. The proposed scheme ...

The joint-space inertia matrix of a robot mechanism can be highly ill-conditioned. This phenomenon is not merely a numerical artifact: it is symptomatic of an underlying property of the mechanism itself that can make it more difficult to simulate or control. This paper investigates the problem by means of an empirical study of the eigenvalues, eigenvectors and condition number of the joint-spac...

This is an introduction to the notion of numerical range for bounded linear operators on Hilbert space. The main results are: determination of the numerical range for two by two matrices, the Toeplitz-Hausdorff Theorem establishing the convexity of the numerical range for any Hilbert space operator, and a detailed discussion of the relationship between the numerical range and the spectrum. The ...

The exact range of the joined values of several Rényi entropies is determined. The method is based on topology with special emphasis on the orientation of the objects studied.