background: generalized joint hyper mobility predisposes some individuals to a wide variety of musculoskeletal complaints. given the critical role of scapular position in function of shoulder, the aim of this study was to compare scapular position between persons with and without general joint hyper mobility. methods: by nonprobability sampling 30 hyper mobile persons at average of 22.86 ±2.77 ...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the knee joint proprioception in weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) positions and to study the difference between the methods in chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 15 stroke patients who were randomly scheduled to perform both positions by a physical therapist not involved in the study. The subje...

in this paper standing balance control of a biped with toe-joint is presented. the model consists of an inverted pendulum as the upper body and the foot contains toe-joint. the biped is actuated by two torques at ankle-joint and toe-joint to regulate the upper body in upright position. to model the interaction between foot and the ground, configuration constraints are defined and utilized. to s...

Proprioceptive signals from peripheral mechanoreceptors form the basis for bodily perception and are known to be essential for motor control. However we still have an incomplete understanding of how proprioception differs between joints, whether it differs among the various degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) within a particular joint, and how such differences affect motor control and learning. We here i...

Proprioception combines information from cutaneous, joint, tendon, and muscle receptors for maintaining a reliable internal body image. However, it is still a matter of debate, in both neurophysiology and psychology, to what extent such body image is modified or distorted by a changing haptic environment. In particular, what is worth investigating is the contribution of external forces on our p...

background: the optimal position of the condyle in glenoid fossa is a fundamental question in dentistry. there is no quantitative standard for the optimal position of mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa in our population. the purpose of this study is to assess the position of the condyle by cone beam computed tomography (cbct) images in patient with normal function of temporomandibular join...

We study the problem of the joint location of seismic events using an array of receivers. We show that locating multiple seismic events simultaneously is advantageous compared to the more traditional approaches of locating each event independently. Joint location, by design, includes estimating an uncertainty distribution on the absolute position of the events. From this can be deduced the dist...