Southeastern Minnesota is part of the Upper Mississippi Valley Karst (Hedges & Alexander 1985) that includes southwestern Wisconsin and northeastern Iowa. Karst lands in Minnesota developed in Paleozoic carbonate and sandstone bedrock. A significant sandstone karst has developed in Pine County (Shade et al. 2000). Most surficial karst features, such as sinkholes, are only in those areas with le...

1. introduction the earth's crust is composed of various landforms. these forms are constantly changing. in this change, both of internal and external factors have a decisive role. the internal factors led to the formation of the primary structure and external factors that cause erosion, deformation and destruction of these forms. areas that have been affected by these activities confronted by ...

Alluvial aquifers in mountainous regions cover typically a limited area. Their contribution to catchment storage and outflow is rarely isolated; alluvial groundwater discharge under gauging stations is generally assumed negligible; and hydrological models tend to lump alluvial storage with other units. The role of alluvial aquifers remains therefore unclear: can they contribute significantly to...

A new species of karst-adapted gekkonid lizard of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch is described from Gua Gunting and Gua Goyang in a karst region of Merapoh, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia whose unique limestone formations are in immediate danger of being quarried. The new species differs from all other species of Cnemaspis based on its unique suite of morphological and color pattern characters. Its di...

Abstract Karst groundwater-dependent ecosystems (KGDEs) in the Mediterranean region are important terms of ecosystem services and biodiversity but increasingly under anthropogenic pressures climate-change constraints. For this study, ecohydrological characteristics, threats, protection status 112 selected KGDEs around Sea, including caves, springs, rivers wetlands, were evaluated, based on loca...

localization of underground dams was carried out at garmab seasonal river basin at golestan research station. this project aims to localize and investigate places for establishing subsurface dam in order to control and store underground stream water for the station and study purposes. the methodology was based on studying documents and field research sampling, drilling and analyzing necessary s...