Background: Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare keratinization disorder with around 1,000-10,000 cases reported worldwide. The mutation involves: KRT6A, KRT6B, KRTC6C, KRT16 or KRT17. Patients present severe plantar pain, palmoplantar keratoderma underlying blisters, and variable hypertrophic nail dystrophy [1]. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measures pain intensity. VAS consists of two endpoint...

purpose: to report a case of xerophthalmia after bariatric surgery. case report: a 24- year -old man presented to the eye clinic with a 4 -month history of irritable gritty eyes. he complained from night blindness, too. he was being treated for dry eye with artificial tears and ophthalmic ointments during the last month without any significant improvement. his vision was 20/20 unaided in both e...

Ichthyoses are a common group of keratinization disorders. A non-inflammatory generalized persistent skin desquamation is observed. It is characterized by increased cell turnover, thickening of the stratum corneum and functional changes of sebaceous and sweat glands. All of these favor fungal proliferation. Dermatophytes may infect skin, hair and nails causing ringworm or tinea. They have the a...

Citrullination, one of the enzymatic posttranslational modifications has become a hot topic of recent research as it is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins called anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, are the hallmark (diagnostic and prognostic factors) of rheumatoid arthritis, and are specific for the disease. Citrullination ...