Purpose: To investigate the possible roles of season of birth and perinatal duration of dayligh (photoperiod) in the development of myopia. Design: Retrospective, population-based, epidemiological study. Participants: A total of 276 911 adolescents (157 663 male, 119 248 female) 16 to 22 years old Israeli-born conscripts to the Israeli Defense Forces who were examined during the 5-year period 200

Light fields [J. Math. Phys. 18, 51 (1936); The Photic Field (MIT, 1981)] of natural scenes are highly complex and vary within a scene from point to point. However, in many applications complex lighting can be successfully replaced by its low-order approximation [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2448 (2001); Appl. Opt. 46, 7308 (2007)]. The purpose of this research is to investigate the structure of ligh...

Light-driven outward H+ pumps are widely distributed in nature, converting sunlight energy into proton motive force. Here we report the characterization of an oppositely directed H+ pump with a similar architecture to outward pumps. A deep-ocean marine bacterium, Parvularcula oceani, contains three rhodopsins, one of which functions as a light-driven inward H+ pump when expressed in Escherichia...

A naturalness bias has been defined as ‘a preference for things perceived as natural’. This paper makes a first attempt at answering the question whether a naturalness bias exist in the context of lighting, and whether people’s sense of personal connection to nature and their beliefs towards different types of lighting affect its occurrence. This exploratory paper uses four studies to evaluate ...

Full-color, three-dimensional images of objects under incoherent illumination are obtained by a digital holography technique. Based on self-interference of two beam-split copies of the object's optical field with differential curvatures, the apparatus consists of a beam-splitter, a few mirrors and lenses, a piezo-actuator, and a color camera. No lasers or other special illuminations are used fo...

Using a multi-layer multinomial Bayesian network, we study the interplay between Bayesian inference and natural image learning in relation to receptive field properties of early visual cortex. Keywords—Bayesian inference, natural image learning

In a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the amount of light absorption dependson the design of the pigments, which determines the strength of light absorption and theoptical range of the cell. In this paper, we have constructed and studied two fairly similarpattern of DSSCs in structure. The thickness of TiO2 used for both cells is taken to be 2μm. We have used an industrial N719 dye for one of ...