Bluetooth technology is particularly designed for a wireless personal area network that is low cost and less energy consuming. Efficient transmission between different Bluetooth nodes depends on network formation. An inefficient Bluetooth topology may create a bottleneck and a delay in the network when data is routed. To overcome the congestion problem of Bluetooth networks, a Cross-layer-based...

In a de-regulated open access environment, reactive power is one of the ancillary services which must be provided by an Independent System Operator (ISO). In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed in which reactive power resources are initially so tuned that optimum security in terms of voltage profile and voltage stability are achieved while at the same time, the system losses are minimized. ...

In the past, the kinetics of aggregation has been extensively studied. Aggregation rates were measured and calculated thanks to a population balance. Aggregate morphologies were measured or got by computer simulations. However, the link between the aggregation kinetics and the morphology changes with time is not so clear. The modelling of aggregation may be even more complex as restructuring of...

Commercial infrastructures intended for use as leisure retreats such as golf and ski resorts have been extensively developed in many rural areas of Japan. However, following the burst of the economic bubble in the 1990s, several existing resorts faced tough management decisions and some were forced to close their business. In this study, six alternative management options for restructuring the ...

The past several years have seen marked changes in the institutional structures of the electric power industry in many countries. In most cases the driving forces for change have come from the governments. Often the objective is to introduce more competition and to increase private sector ownership of the electric supply industry. The overall aim regardless of the drivers, is to reduce the pric...

Progress report on the restructuring of two IEEE standards concerned with surges in low-voltage a.c. power circuits into a Trilogy of three documents. First a basic Guide describes the surge environment, then a Recommended Practice proposes a limited set of representative surge waveforms for test purposes, and finally a Recommended Practice shows how to perform safe, repeatable and reliable sur...