I n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. The majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to un...

In 1999, foreign direct investment in China was $40.4 billion, a sharp drop from the $45.6 billion of FDI in 1998. Government officials and economic analysts have voiced concerns about a further contraction of FDI and about the economic consequences associated with such a contraction. The substantial concessions—for example, over foreign equity holdings in the service sector—the Chinese governm...

Most people accept that structural and labour market reforms are needed in Europe. However few have been undertaken. The usual conjecture is that reforms are costly in economic performance and costly to finance. Blanchard and Giavazzi (2003) and Spector (2004) develop a general equilibrium model with imperfect competition to show the impact of labour or product market deregulation. We extend th...

Product and labour market reforms are likely to have significant cross-market effects OECD countries have pursued product and labour market reforms over the past two decades to increase employment and enhance productive efficiency. For example, countries have adjusted their employment protection and minimum wage legislation, reformed their benefits systems and modified their tax policies with t...